Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutA002 - Council Action Form dated April 22, 2003 CA ITEM # `7`! 3�4' DATE 04 /03 COUNCIL ACTION FORM SUBJECT: REQUEST TO CHANGE THE LUPP AND ZONING FROM "HIGHWAY-ORIENTED COMMERCIAL" TO "RESIDENTIAL HIGH DENSITY" FOR PROPERTY GENERALLY LOCATED ON THE NORTHEAST CORNER OF CRYSTAL STREET AND SOUTH DUFF AVENUE. BACKGROUND: Applicant request. The subject area under consideration is located on the northeast corner of Crystal Street and South Duff Avenue, more accurately described as the east 200 feet of 2904 and 2920 South Duff Avenue. The property owner (applicant) is requesting that 2.34-acres of planned and zoned Highway-Oriented Commercial land be changed to Residential High Density. The applicant is planning to extend the residential high-density use east of the subject property on 221 Crystal Street west. The Planning and Zoning Commission reviewed this proposal on January 15, 2003. The Commission tabled the request until a traffic study that outlined the existing and projected traffic impact to the Crystal Street and South Duff Avenue intersection was completed. Related to this request, on March 5, 2003, the applicant received a positive recommendation from the Planning and Zoning Commission to subdivide property in a manner consistent with this rezoning request. Following the Commission's recommendation, City Council approved the subdivision of the subject property on March 25, 2003. ANALYSIS. Land Use. The subject area is adjacent to an apartment complex to the east and commercial land uses to the south and west. A State nursery, or government land use, is located to the north of the subject area. Zoning. The subject area and land adjacent to the west and south of the area is zoned Highway-Oriented Commercial (HOC). The multi-family residential structure to the east is zoned Residential High Density (RH). Directly north and adjacent to the subject area is zoned HOC, however, the government land use to the extreme north of the area is zoned Government/Airport (S-GA). (Refer to the enclosed maps titled, "Existing Zoning and "Proposed Zoning".) Sanitary Sewer and Potable Water. Existing sanitary sewer and water facilities will adequately serve the subject area if it develops commercially or as proposed. These services are available from South Duff Avenue and Crystal Street. Storm Sewer. In its existing condition, the site is adequately served by storm water infrastructure. However, future development of the subject property will require that storm water run-off be collected and controlled through a system of surface drainage, subsurface sewers, and storm water detention areas. The rate of storm water run-off will not be increased above the pre-development level of run-off. Any proposed development on these subject properties will require the applicant to submit a site plan and staff will review a storm water management plan before a zoning permit is issued. Electric. The subject area falls within the City of Ames Electric Service Boundary. If the site remains commercial or is changed to a residential use, the site can be adequately and efficiently served by municipal electric services. The Electric Department has indicated that the overhead electric line running through the area can be relocated if deemed necessary by the landowner. The developer will be expected to provide easements for the relocated power lines once a more precise development plan is provided to the City as part of the site plan/zoning permit process. Additionally, the landowner will be responsible for conduit installation for the relocated power lines. Fire. The estimated fire response time to the subject area is well within five (5) minutes. The City's fire response time goal is to have 85% of the land area of the city within a response time of five (5) minutes or less. The new fire station on South Duff Avenue provides excellent fire coverage to the subject area. Traffic and Transportation. Staff has prepared a traffic study of the existing traffic condition on Crystal Street and the intersection of Crystal Street and South Duff Avenue. Moreover, the applicant has provided the traffic impact from the proposed land uses on the subject area. Given the professional recommendation of the applicant's traffic engineer and the information gathered from the traffic study of existing conditions, staff has concluded that the addition of multi-family units to the subject property will not create enough traffic to warrant a signal at the intersection of South Duff Avenue and Crystal Street. In review of the project proposal, the projected traffic levels in relation to existing traffic levels indicate that there is not a need for additional improvements at this time. (See attached memo dated March 14, 2003, Staff Report: Crystal Street and South Duff Avenue Traffic Signal Warrants Analysis, and Letter from Snyder & Associates to Armstrong Family Partnership dated March 10, 2003.) Furthermore, it is staff's belief that the additional traffic from this property would not be greatly different if the property were to develop commercially or residentially. Neighborhood Issues. The neighborhood organization in the area of this proposal have indicated the following concerns with the proposal: • More development will increase traffic in the area. • Development of multi-family structures will reduce potential commercial development that could serve the area. • Compatibility of land uses. 2 Land Use Policy Plan (LUPP) Goals and Policies. City Council made a LUPP map amendment on June 27, 2000 to designate the property east of the subject area as a Residential High Density land use. The existing land use designation for the subject area is Highway-Oriented Commercial. (See map titled, "Land Use Policy Plan Map".) The LUPP sets goals and policies to guide growth in an orderly manner that reflects the future vision of the community at large. The following goals and polices apply to this request for a LUPP change. Goal No. 1. Recognizing that additional population and economic growth is likely, it is the goal of Ames to plan for and manage growth within the context of the community's capacity and preferences. It is the further goal of the community to manage its growth so that it is more sustainable, predictable and assures quality of life. (LUPP, p.23) ■ Development in areas where infrastructure exists is the most cost effective and economically feasible place for development. In terms of water, sanitary sewer and storm sewer infrastructure, and traffic impact, the subject area is suited for a mix of multi-family residential and commercial development. Goal No. 2. In preparing for the target population and employment growth, it is the goal of Ames to assure the adequate provision and availability of developable land. It is the further goal of the community to guide the character, location and compatibility of growth with the area's natural resources and rural areas. (LUPP, p.24) ■ The Land Use Policy Plan outlines the number of acres needed to support various types of land uses to the year 2030. These numbers have since been verified in more detailed follow-up analysis (i.e., Commercial Land Needs Analysis, Industrial Study, and Annexation Study). The LUPP provides an outline to benchmark the rate in which the City is growing and how much land the City needs to accommodate this rate of growth. In total, as of the year 2000, there was approximately 292 acres of vacant and zoned commercial acres within the corporate limits of the City of Ames. This request would remove 2.34 acres from the City's vacant and zoned commercial resources. The request to change 2.34 acres from commercial to residential does not represent a major change to land supply. From the standpoint of development impact, it is staff's belief that this change is not significant. However, what is important about this request is that it will represent a loss of commercial land resources along one of the most desirable commercial corridors in the city. The loss of 2.34 acres from the City's commercial land inventory does not in itself represent a major change in land use policy of the Land Use Policy Plan's 30-year time horizon. Nevertheless, the 2.34 acres included in this proposal is located within 400 feet of Duff Avenue, a major thoroughfare where over 14,000 vehicles pass every day. The request represents a small, but incremental change in land use that would result in an irreversible loss of land resources. Although small, the lost land resource cannot be replaced elsewhere with similar location characteristics. 3 What is significant about this request is what it represents in terms of small changes to the Land Use Policy Plan. A pattern of repeated small changes to the Land Use Policy Plan similar to this proposal could ultimately result in a change to an overall policy of the City's long term planning goals. Although this case is unique and a change to the plan is warranted on the proposal's own merits, it represents something that should not be recommended for other areas in the community in the future. This case represents the applicant requesting a change from a commercial infill area to a residential area. The area, however, is a location where infrastructure and capacity already exists to meet the demands of commercial growth. The area has been reserved for commercial uses because infrastructure capacity and the property's locational characteristics is suitable for commercial land uses. If the area were changed to residential, the result would mean that the City of Ames might have to plan for a different area to develop commercially. The new area could be more costly to the City of Ames because infrastructure expenses associated with the full installation infrastructure or the adding capacity could be necessary. Furthermore, since other areas of the community also have infrastructure in place to support residential growth, changing the area to residential would lessen the community's investment in existing residential growth areas. Changing commercial land to residential can be costly because it is expensive to develop new areas and it is inefficient to develop outside of areas planned for specific land uses. This case represents a very small change to the City's 30-year land use plan. However, the sum of very small changes to the plan over time can incur substantial costs to the community. Repeated small changes can alter the goals and objectives of the plan. Therefore, staff recommends that repeated incremental changes to the Land Use Policy Plan should not occur. Future land use decisions should not be compared to or weighed by this proposal. They should be individually reviewed on how they may affect the overall goals, policies, and growth objectives of the City of Ames. Goal No. 4. It is the goal of Ames to create a greater sense of place and connectivity, physically and psychologically, in building a neighborhood and overall community identity and spirit. It is the further goal of the community to assure a more healthy, safe and attractive environment. (LUPP, P.26) ■ The proposal to change the land use designation and zoning for the 2.34 acres in question is designed primarily to provide additional land area for further apartment dwelling construction. This land use will be similar to the existing apartments that have been recently developed in the area. • With respect to the larger neighborhood, there is little or no sense of connection or identity. The size, scale, design character, placement, and use relationship of apartments located in this area have been developed to create a separation between the commercial uses of land along Duff Avenue from the lower density single-family homes located further to the east. The very design and layout of the property in question that has developed using conventional techniques of distinct homogeneous land use clusters makes the potential for connection and identity very difficult, if not impossible. 4 Goal No. 5. It is the goal of Ames to establish a cost-effective and efficient growth pattern for development in new areas and in a limited number of existing areas for intensification. It is a further goal of the community to link the timing of development with the installation of public infrastructure including utilities, multi-modal transportation system, parks and open space. (LUPP, p.27) ■ Development on the subject area is redevelopment and infill. Developing vacant land resources adjacent to municipal services is supported by this goal. The area is well served by water, sanitary sewer, and storm sewer. Warrants also indicate that the existing street infrastructure has the capacity to serve elevated traffic from the applicant's proposed land uses. • The area is served by the Cy-Ride transit system, but the ridership of the transit system from residents who reside in apartment dwellings in this area has been very low. The transit stop for this area is located some distance to the south with very little pedestrian mobility from the property in question to this transit stop to take advantage of the transit service. This proposal could potentially increase rider ship and the Cy-Ride has the capacity to meet increased demand, although no studies have been done to verify increased rider ship. ■ There is a lack of availability for vacant and zoned commercial land resources along South Duff Avenue. The LUPP and supporting studies outline this location as best suited for commercial development. Goal No. 6. It is the goal of Ames to increase the supply of housing and to provide a wider range of housing choices. ■ The proposal will provide for a wider range of housing choices. It will add to the multi-family housing inventory of the City of Ames. RECOMMENDATION OF THE PLANNING & ZONING COMMISSION: The Planning & Zoning Commission reviewed this request at their meeting of April 2, 2003 and recommended denial with a vote of 5-0 for the following reasons: 1. The depletion of commercial property in this area of the City along the South Duff corridor. 2. The belief that there is sufficient land already available for apartment construction. 3. The reluctance to recommend approval for what is represented as a small change to the Land Use Policy Plan with a concern that successive small changes can erode the plan. 4. An overall recommendation to simply follow the Land Use Policy Plan. 5 ALTERNATIVES: 1 . The City Council can approve the Land Use Policy Plan change and rezoning of the east 200 feet of 2904 and 2920 South Duff Avenue from Highway-Oriented Commercial to Residential High Density. 2. The City Council can deny the Land Use Policy Plan change and rezoning of the east 200 feet of 2904 and 2920 South Duff Avenue from Highway-Oriented Commercial to Residential High Density. CITY MANAGER'S RECOMMENDED ACTION: In review of the goals and policies of the Land Use Policy Plan, this project proposal lies at the edge of a Residential High Density designation. It is small in scale and represents an extension of an adjacent transitional land use. The proposal promotes more of the same development that exists in the area. Although the project proposal is of a small scale, staff believes it is important to note that if a pattern of small land use changes like this proposal continues in the future, there will be an incremental alteration of the Land Use Policy Plan of the City over time. Incremental changes can change or hinder the wider goals and objectives of the Land Use Policy Plan. Therefore, small changes to the Land Use Policy Plan should be reviewed with great scrutiny to assure the intent of the City's land use policy is upheld. Staff believes that this project should be viewed different from other locations along South Duff Avenue or in planned Highway-Oriented Commercial land use areas. The Planning and Zoning Commission and City Council have discussed the importance of keeping commercial land resources along South Duff Avenue. They have determined that the property that is located closest to the Duff Avenue corridor is best suited for commercial development. However, this proposal is different in terms of its location and adjacent land uses than other locations planned for Highway-Oriented Commercial land uses. In this request, staff believes the broader goals and policies of the Land Use Policy Plan are upheld. Although this project represents a small reduction in the limited commercial land supply along the Duff Avenue corridor, continuation of multi-family development from the east is more consistent with other types of residential uses and provides a greater transition between land uses. Additionally, land is still reserved for convenience commercial uses. Convenience commercial is the type of commercial land use ideal for this location. The site is on the farthest end of the commercial corridor and is less suited for larger, more intense commercial activity. Intense commercial land uses like those that exist on the northern part of the South Duff Corridor would conflict with the established residential land uses in the area. 6 The scale of this proposal is small and will mostly likely continue the architectural style, scale, and placement of the existing multi-family development to the east. Adding more multi-family residential to this location will not have a large impact on the existing character of the area. The positive aspect of this proposal is that a transition between residential and commercial land uses will be greater and land will still remain for commercial land uses - a commercial land use that will directly serve the adjacent residential areas. Moreover, traffic impacts do not warrant additional improvements to Crystal Street and South Duff Avenue. It is the recommendation of the City Manager that the City Council approve Alternative #1. This will result in a change in the Land Use Policy Plan and rezoning that would allow multi-family development on the subject property. COUNCIL ACTION: Attachment 7 MAP OF PROPOSED LAND USE POLICY PLAN MAP CHANGE PROPOSED REZONING CENTER SEC. 14-83-24, ,/ CITY OF AMES, IOWA w OWNER: o c FAMILY LIMITED AMSTRONPARTNERSHIP N c La PROPERTY ADDRESS: OLD 2904, 2920 & o^ 3020 S. DUFF AVE. Z AMES, IOWA 50010 N89'40'03"W N89'40'03"W 239.83' 200.00' w 90' a w � o O En O W o0 ao Lo< PROPOSED om C�N-- O1. LOT 1 m orn P o a vo v 29. 214 SO FT N o Z 0.67 ACRES_ in z UJ 50 NNW CORNER NE CORNER PARCEL 'C' PARCEL 'C' Z 189.85' AREA TO BE REZONED Q 101, 903 SO FT CU LL PROPOSED 2.34 ACRES U. m LOT 2 too c� 29.011 SO FT • Ln EXISTING ZONING & C3 m � 0.67 ACRES C w LUPP DESIGNATION: m HIGHWAY ORIENTED of \ to COMMERCIAL v v Q) w o PROPOSED ZONING & uw ED 189.86 LUPP DISIGNATION: o �e o0 o RESIDENTIAL o HIGH DENSITY in = o R o Z E Z N o PROPOSED o C Ln LOT 3 CU 3B, 921 SO FT o PROPOSED CD 0.89 ACRES N LOT 4 z in ® t y= SW CORNER SE CORNER W PARCEL 'C' PARCEL 'C' c^ wz N89'40'47"E N89'40'47"E �,� Q z 189.87' 200.00' LL4 -' ¢ �s� � ' 1489 8 50 Oo 7"E CRYSTAL STREET (70') w a moo+ in w N Cu Legal Description of propertyy proposed to be rezoned from o u' Highway Oriented Commercial to Residential High Density: The East 200 Feet of Parcel 'C' in the South Half of the Southeast Quarter of Section 14. Township 83 North, Range 24 West of the 5th P. M., City of Ames, Story County, Iowa, AND The East 200 Feet of the following described parcel: S 1/4 CORNER Beginning at a point on the half section line 297 feet south of SEC. 14-83-24 the Northwest Corner of the South Half of the Southeast Quarter of Section 14, Township 83 North, Range 24 West of the 5th P. M., thence East 440 feet, thence South 99 feet, thence West 440 feet, thence North 99 feet to the place of beginning (now included in and forming a part of the City of Ames, Iowa), containing 2.34 acres. GRAPHIC SCALE 1"=100' STUMBO AND ASSOCIATES LAND SURVEYING, INC. O 1QQ 200 300 510 S. 17TH ST., SUITE 102 AMES, IOWA 50010 515-233-3689 Job #1522BLU Date: 12/23/02 Page i of 1 Fire StationlM rt Lowes State of to a Nursery `-I... --T-Tl cM c cd L 1111111 N K -1 AMA W Q iil 4�G«.!!i[KSliu Location Map N W E S Prepared by the Department of Planning and Housing 0 270 540 1,080 1,620 2,1 QO Feet Map Prepared. 0110812003 I r�s 5 e.. �■ FAN WNW— Subject Rk Area Proposed - ki J& 11L Reside1_, Lan 1 a � 1 Use Policy Prepared by the Department of Planning and Housing 0 245 490 980 1,470 1,9(p Map Prepared: 0110812003 eet AMES Memo � Public Works Department ?Caring APeopleity Programs xceptional Seroice TO: Joe Pieturzynsk, GIS Coordinator/Planner FROM: Kevin L. Woodard, P.E., Traffic Engineer DATE: March 14,2003 SUBJECT: Crystal Street and South Duff Avenue Traffic Signal Warrants Analysis This is in response to your request that we review a letter dated March 10, 2003 that you received from Armstrong Family Partnership and the attached letter from Snyder & Associates dated March 5, 2003 regarding a study to determine if future conditions at the intersection of Crystal Street and South Duff Avenue might meet warrants for traffic signalization established in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). As you are aware, our study of existing conditions at Crystal Street and South Duff Avenue did not recommend the installation of a traffic signal. We have reviewed these documents and concur with the conclusions expressed in the documents. Specifically, • A preliminary analysis conducted by Snyder & Associates indicated that forecasted conditions would not show that a traffic signal was needed. • The westbound to southbound left turn traffic volumes from Crystal Street to South Duff Avenue are expected to be relatively low. • The current "stop" control at the intersection is expected to provide acceptable operation. We appreciate this opportunity to be of service. If we may be of any further assistance, please feel free to let us know. Mar 14 03 09:59a P. 1 ENGINEERS 6 PLANNERS- - � • • ANKENY.IA ATLANTIC,1A CEDAR RAPIDS,IA VIARYVILLE,MO ST.90SEPA,MO (515) 964-2020 I (711)243-6505 I (319)362-9394 I (660) 581-8888 I (816)364.5222 March 5,2003 Mr.William A.Armstrong Armstrong Family Limited Partnership 54643 282"d Street Ames,Iowa 50010 RE: ARMSTRONG'S FOURTH ADDITION DUFF AVENUE AND CRYSTAL STREET AMES,IOWA Dear Mr.Armstrong: Based on our preliminary review of traffic count data and traffic signal warrants analysis provided by the City of Ames,we do not believe that a traffic signal installation would be recommended at the Duff Avenue(US 69)and Crystal Street intersection with the proposed land use change and associated development of your site. It is our understanding that zoning and land use policy plan changes have been requested to change the eastern half of the 4.6-acre site from Highway Oriented Commercial to Residential High Density. Even with the proposed development of the site,westbound to southbound left turn traffic volumes from Crystal Street to Duff Avenue are expected to be relatively low. The current STOP control at the intersection is expected to provide acceptable operation. To minimize delays for Crystal Street traffic,the City may wish to consider revising the pavement markings at the intersection to provide separate westbound left and right turn lanes on Crystal Street. With anticipated future development of property on the west side of Duff Avenue,the potential need for a traffic signal at this location is significantly increased. Depending upon the type and size of development,a traffic signal may be needed to avoid excessive delays to eastbound left turning traffic. If you have any questions regarding this preliminary review,or require additional assistance,please contact me. Sincerely, SNYDER&ASSOCIATES,INC. Anthon J. oes,`Y E Y Senior Traffic Engineer 501 S.W.ORALABOR ROAD -P.O.BOX 1159-ANKENY,IOWA 50021-0974 Fears Website:evww snvder-associates.com e-mail:email@snyder-associates.com J:\Agreements�Ames\Arm strong\W AAI tr.doc re�+rTo aeaMcE eiNce+sn ARMSTRONG FAMILY LIMITED PART 9RUSaW 54W 292i1 Street—Amen—1owa 5001 E E I�J E Phone(515)296-1933 Fax(515)579-3911 Mobile(515)29 -5483 u CITY OF ANTES, 10V'tA March 10, 2003 MGEPT OF PLANNING & HOUSINk"i Department of Planning and Housing Attention: Eric Jensen and Ray Anderson City Hall Room 214 515 Clark Avenue Ames, Iowa 50010 Re: Follow-up on Traffic Study in Conjunction with our Application for Rezoning of 2904 and 2920 S. Duff Dear Eric and Ray, As a result of discussions with staff and the initial review of our application at the January 15, 2003 Planning and Zoning Commission, we agreed to commission a study of the impact on traffic signal warrants at the Crystal and South Duff intersection stemming from development upon our commercial property at the corner— both with and without the rezoning. This was to take place after the city completed data collection and analysis of current traffic conditions at Crystal and Duff. All of this was precipitated by requests from Southdale residents as well as the Armstrongs for the installation of a signal at the intersection—request that pre-dated the rezoning application. Frankly, based on antidotal information from residents and our own experiences at the intersection, we expected the city's analysis to show that current conditions met the warrants for a signal. We also assumed that if the analysis revealed that the warrants were not yet met, that the next level of analysis — of the future impact of the development of our property -- would show that the warrants would be met. (In discussions with Snyder Engineering, we were told, as well, that the rezoning was not likely to have a significant impact -- that development as all commercial or part commercial and part residential would yield essentially the same traffic impact.)We expected to then negotiate with the city an agreement for our fair share of the signal costs. Our assumptions about the need for a signal were wrong. The analysis of existing conditions did not support the need for a signal. Kevin Woodard, provided me with the existing conditions data and findings after our staff subdivision meeting on February 21 and that information was provided to the Snyder Engineering at a meeting with Anthony Boes on February 27. Mr. Boes then prepared an analysis proposal to answer the questions, "What are the traffic impacts of our proposal and will those impacts necessitate the installation of a traffic signal and Crystal and Duff'?" We asked him as well to analyze the difference in impacts of all commercial development versus half commercial and half residential after confirming the analysis of existing conditions. At that meeting we essentially agreed to go forward with the work and Snyder began with a preliminary analysis. On March 4 Tony emailed me the final agreement along a note that his preliminary analysis indicated that the study would not show the need for a signal. He questioned the need to go forward with the costly analysis now that it was clear to him that he could already answer the questions posed. In a subsequent phone call, he agreed to prepare a memorandum documenting the findings in time for us to provide them to the staff and Planning and Zoning Commission at the meeting the following day. (We were scheduled for subdivision review at the March 5 meeting.) That memorandum was handed out at the meeting and is attached as well. In that the preliminary analysis has answered the question of whether or not development after rezoning will require a signal, I hope you will concur in my determination that further spending on traffic analysis is not warranted at this time. At some point development at the intersection may generate the type of traffic that warrants a signal. As Tony noted, the type of traffic generated by development west of Duff will be the significant determinate. Thank you for attention to this matter. incerely, 001i -6 illiam A Armstrong Enclosure Cc Kevin Woodard " pr 22 03 12: 14p p. 2 ARMSTRONG FAMILY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP 54643 282-STREET-Am"-IOwA 50010 PHONE 515.597.3810 FAX 515.597.3811 E-MA11.jcHF mRaQHuxcOMM.NET April 22, 2003 APR 2 2 2003 ; Mayor Ted Tedesco i! City Council Cllti'C ERK CITY OF AMES CITY OF AMES IOWA 515 Clark Avenue Ames, IA 50010 Re: City Council Meeting April 22, 2003 Agenda Item No. 44 LUPP and Zoning Change Request Northeast Corner of Duff and Crystal Dear Mayor Tedesco and City Council: We respectfully request that the above council.,.action-scheduled for consideration by the City Council at its regular meeting on April 22,1003 identified as Agenda Number 44 be tabled until the City Council meeting scheduled for May 27, 2003 due to" matters in connection with our request that have just now come to our attention. Very truly yours, P Jo C ester Staff Report Crystal Street and South Duff Avenue Traffic Signal Warrants Analysis This staff report will discuss each warrant for the installation of traffic signals and explain why conditions at this location do or do not meet the warrant. It is important for the reader to understand that the satisfaction of a single warrant or warrants does not in itself require the installation of a traffic signal. It is also important to understand that engineering judgement is to be used to determine what, if any, portion of right-turn traffic should be subtracted from the minor street traffic count when evaluating traffic signal warrants. Warrant 1 The first warrant for traffic signalization is the Eight-Hour Vehicular Volume Warrant. It has two conditions. The Minimum Vehicular Volume, Condition A is intended for application where a large volume of intersecting traffic is the principal reason to consider installing a traffic signal. The Interruption of Continuous Traffic, Condition B is intended for application where the traffic on the major street is so heavy that traffic on the minor street suffers excessive delay or conflict. Conditions for this warrant must exist for eight hours of a typical workday. Because the 85`' percentile speed on South Duff Avenue is greater than 40 miles per hour the traffic volumes needed to meet Conditions A and B are reduced to 70% of the volumes that would otherwise be required. The volume of traffic on South Duff Avenue is high enough to top the thresholds required by the conditions set forth in this warrant and the volume of traffic on Crystal Street is high enough to meet Condition B. However the volume of traffic on Crystal Street is not high enough to meet condition A. Therefore, this warrant is not met. Warrant 2 The second warrant is the Four-Hour Vehicular Volume Warrant. This warrant is intended to be applied where the volume of intersecting traffic is the principal reason to consider installing a traffic signal. Because of the speed of traffic on South Duff Avenue, the threshold volumes were also reduced for this warrant. To determine if this warrant is met traffic volumes are plotted on a nomograph to see if they fall above a line on the graph. When volumes for the subject intersection were plotted it was determined that Warrant 2 is met for the subject intersection. However, it is important to understand that a traffic signal normally operates all hours of a day and that therefore it might not be desirable to install a signal based on a perceived or real need that may only exist four hours, of a day. Therefore, some traffic engineers do not install traffic signals based on the four-hour warrant. Also, it should be recalled that much of the traffic on Crystal Street entering onto South Duff Avenue is right-turn traffic. If this traffic were deducted, Warrant 4 would not be met. Therefore, based on the above reasoning, staff does not recommend installation of a traffic signal at this location based on this warrant being met. Warrant 3 Warrant 3 is the Peak Hour Warrant. It is intended for use at a location where traffic conditions are such that a minimum of 1 hour on an average workday, the minor street suffers undue delay. The signal warrant is to be applied only in unusual cases such as office complexes and manufacturing plants. This warrant has a condition based on traffic volumes that also uses a nomograph. It was determined as part of this study that based on traffic volumes the- Peak Hour warrant is met at the subject intersection. However, it is also often not desirable to install a signal based on a perceived or real need that may only exist for only one hour of a day. Therefore, some traffic engineers do not install traffic signals based on the peak hour warrant. Furthermore, the situation at Crystal Street and Duff Avenue is not an unusual circumstance where an office or industrial complex results in hundreds of vehicles attempting to access South Duff Avenue via Crystal Street at one time. Therefore, staff does not recommend the installation of a traffic signal at this location based on this warrant being met. Warrant 4 This is the Pedestrian Volume Warrant, which is intended to be applied when pedestrians experience excessive delay. This warrant is applicable only in areas where pedestrian volumes crossing the major street are greater than 100 per hour for four hours. This warrant is not met at the subject location. Warrant 5 Warrant 5 is the School Crossing Warrant. It is intended for use where the fact that school children cross the major street is the principal reason to consider installing a traffic control signal. This warrant is not applicable at the subject location. 2 Warrant 6 This is the Coordinated Signal System Warrant. It is used when progressive movement in a coordinated signal system makes it desirable to use a signal to encourage platooning of vehicles. This location is not within a coordinated signal system since it is on the edge of the city. Therefore, Warrant 6 is not applicable at this location. Warrant 7 This is the Crash Experience Warrant. It is intended for application when the severity and frequency of crashes are the principal reason to consider installing a traffic signal. A review of our accident records found that there had been only three accidents at this location recorded by the Police Department during the past four years. None were susceptible to correction by the installation of a traffic signal. This does not indicate that a signal is needed at the subject location. In fact, many more accidents would be expected if a signal were installed since rear-end and left-turn accidents often increases after installation of a traffic signal. Therefore, this warrant is neither applicable nor met at this location. Warrant 8 Warrant 8 is the Roadway Network Warrant. It is intended for use at intersections where it might be desirable to encourage concentration and organization of traffic flow on a roadway network. It is applicable only where two major routes intersect. Crystal Street is not a major route. Therefore, Warrant 8 is not applicable at this intersection. Conclusions Traditionally traffic engineers have considered Warrant 1 as the most important "volume warrant". Therefore, it should be noted that Warrant 1 is not met at the subject location. It is not desirable to install a signal at this location based on a perceived need that may only exist four hours of a day and if right-turn traffic was deducted, Warrant 4 would not be met. Therefore, staff does not recommend installation of a traffic signal at this location based on this warrant being met. 3 It is also often not desirable to install a signal based on a need that may only exist for only one hour of a day. The situation at Crystal Street and Duff Avenue is not an unusual circumstance where an office or industrial complex results in hundreds of vehicles attempting to access South Duff Avenue via Crystal Street at one time. Therefore, staff does not recommend the installation of a traffic signal at this location based on this warrant being met. It is also very important to realize that the installation of a traffic signal often results in an increase in rear-end and left-turn type accidents. The installation of a traffic signal at the subject location would likely result in approximately three accidents a year at this location which would be a much worse accident experience record than we have had with only three accidents in the past four years. Recommendation Based on the findings of this study and the reasoning explained on the preceding pages the installation of a traffic signal is not recommended at.the intersection of South Duff Avenue and Crystal Street. 4