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HomeMy WebLinkAboutA004 - Council Action Form dated March 6, 2001, Design Guidelines & revolving loan fund ITEM # Z4 A DATE 03/06/01 COUNCIL ACTION FORM SUBJECT: RESOLUTIONS ADOPTING THE DOWNTOWN DESIGN GUIDELINES AND THE DOWNTOWN REVOLVING LOAN FUND. BACKGROUND: City Council Review. On December 5, 2000, the City Council reviewed a draft of the proposed Downtown Design Guidelines and the proposed Downtown Revolving Loan Fund. The City Council then directed staff to continue the review in meetings with the Ames Historic Preservation Commission, downtown business and property owners, and the State Historical Society. Historic Preservation Commission Review. On December 21, 2000, the Ames Historic Preservation Commission reviewed the proposed Downtown Design Guidelines and the proposed Downtown Revolving Loan Fund. The Commission made the following comments and suggestions: 1. The Commission is interested in the restoration of first floor windows that have been covered up. Staff Comments: The Downtown Design Guidelines, as proposed, recommend and encourage the removal of materials that cover up the original size of window openings. 2. Educate the property owners and business owners once the guidelines have been adopted. Suggestions include: mailings to property/business owners, make the design guidelines available, send a letter from the Commission to business and property owners. Staff Comments: Several methods can and should be used to get the word out about the adopted Downtown Design Guidelines and the financial assistance program. 3. Pursue the establishment of an Urban Revitalization Area to offer tax exemption for improvements to the front fagade. The proposed incentive of$15,000 can be spent very quickly and a larger incentive may be more beneficial to the property owner. Staff Comments: The downtown business owners and property owners have also requested that the downtown area be designated as an Urban Revitalization Area to offer property tax incentives for physical improvements to buildings in the downtown area. The property tax incentive is needed to maximize the participation of downtown property owners in the improvement of storefronts. Staff is in the process of preparing a proposal for consideration by the City Council that would establish the downtown as an Urban Revitalization Area (URA) and would offer property tax exemptions to downtown property owners that meet the criteria for this URA. 4. Consider appropriate color suggestions for the buildings. Staff Comments: Color is not restricted by the proposed Downtown Design Guidelines, nor is color restricted by Design Guidelines for residential structures in the Old Town Historic District. Staff would not recommend including restrictions for color in the Downtown Design Guidelines. Review by Downtown Business Owners and Property Owners. On January 24, 2001 the Consultants (William C. Page and Tim Reinders) and City staff met with downtown property and business owners. Each of the downtown business and property owners received an individual letter inviting them to the meeting to learn more about the proposed design guidelines and revolving loan fund. The following comments were received at this meeting: 1. There was concern expressed that changes to the exterior of the front fagade would trigger Building Code compliance throughout the entire structure. Staff Comments: Staff investigated this concern with the City Inspections Division to clarify what is required when storefront improvements are made to a commercial building in the downtown area. The City Building Official attended the next meeting of the Ames Main Street District organization and distributed a memo explaining applicability of the Building Code to downtown building improvements (see the attached memo, dated January 26, 2001). 2. There was a suggestion by an individual in attendance that the boundaries of the area for which the financial incentive program would apply should be extended north to Sixth Street. 2 Staff Comments: The 1992 Intensive Survey of Historical and Architectural Resources in Downtown Ames was limited to boundaries that extend no further north than properties that abut both sides of Fifth Street. These boundaries were determined as appropriate by the City Council. Staff believes it would be inconsistent with boundaries established for the previous historical and architectural analysis to now add properties that abut Sixth Street. In addition, the pattern of development (such as building scale and setback) for commercial buildings is dramatically different for buildings along Sixth Street. The design guidelines for downtown would not fit with the architecture along Sixth Street. 3. There was considerable interest expressed that the City of Ames establish a financial incentive program that would offer property tax exemption for improvements to buildings in the downtown area. Staff Comments: Staff has prepared a draft of criteria which could apply to an Urban Revitalization District for downtown. This would offer property tax exemption for qualified improvements to buildings in the downtown area, based on a graduated scale over a specified number of years. Staff is also presenting the City Council with an outline of this proposed Urban Revitalization Program on the agenda for this Council meeting. Review by the State Historical Society of Iowa (SHSI). On January 31, 2001, the Consultants (William C. Page and Tim Reinders) and City staff met with representatives of the State Historical Society of Iowa to review the proposed Downtown Design Guidelines. State staff has made suggestions and determined changes necessary to maintain the eligibility of Downtown Ames as a National Historic District and to maintain future eligibility for federal and/or state income tax credits. The SHSI staff had the following comments: 1. Add the designation of downtown as a "Local Historic District" to the list of "Goals"for the Downtown Design Guidelines. Staff Comments: This is not a requirement for downtown to be eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places, nor is it required for eligibility to receive federal and/or state income tax credits. SHSI staff suggested this goal as a logical step in our efforts to preserve the historic architecture of Downtown Ames. Staff has worked with the Consultant to add a section to the Downtown Design Guidelines that addresses the possibility of establishing a local historic district. 2. Add an appendix to discuss the rationale for supporting the "Commercial" style of architecture, and not the "Victorian"style. Staff Comments: The Consultant (William C. Page) and City staff believe the rationale has been adequately addressed in Section III of the Downtown Design Guidelines, "Historical Overview & Period of Significance". 3. Add another "Guiding Principle" to the Downtown Design Guidelines that addresses the fact that "historic integrity" cannot be restored. Staff Comments: The Consultant and City staff have added this as a "Guiding Principle" and have stated on page 6 of the Downtown Design Guidelines that "Once original materials have been removed or substantially altered, the quality of a building's historical character cannot be replicated". 4. The "Streetscape"narrative in the Downtown Design Guidelines refers to four(4) separate sub-sections of Downtown. It also states that a definition of long range goals for growth and development would help to define what type of character is desired for each of these particular areas. The SHSI staff requested a time frame for development of these long range goals. Staff Comments: City staff believe it would be an appropriate time to define the long range goals for each of the four sub-sections of Downtown at the same time, and as part of the process of, preparing a National Register nomination for Downtown. If the City were to apply for National or Local District designation, it is staffs belief that that would be the appropriate time to discuss the implementation of the long-range goals, as suggested by the SHSI. 5. The SHSI staff reviewed the proposed Downtown Design Guidelines with respect to maintaining the eligibility of future fagade improvement projects for state and/or federal income tax credit. If a particular material or repair method would place such eligibility in jeopardy, SHSI staff made note of those potential cases. More specifically, "water blasting" to clean masonry construction could damage the material and disqualify the project for income tax credit. The use of"metal clad" windows to replace the historic "wood" windows is also not permitted if a property owner wishes to receive an income tax credit for building improvements. The SHSI suggests that the Downtown Design Guidelines not allow metal clad windows, although the Consultant that prepared these guidelines says it has been his experience that the use of metal clad windows would not disqualify a building from being listed on the National Register of Historic Places. 4 Staff Comments: The Consultant and City staff have amended the Downtown Design Guidelines to include statements that inform the reader of the guidelines that water blasting and the use of metal clad windows may disqualify the property owner from receiving state and/or federal income tax credit for building improvements. Water blasting is not recommended. The guidelines have also been amended to recommend the use of (anodized) aluminum windows only if retention of the original wood windows is not possible. Vinyl clad windows are not permitted by the guidelines. 6. Tinted, dark, or reflective glass is not an acceptable material for structures to be eligible for designation on the National Register of Historic Places and would disqualify structures for an income tax credit. Staff Comments: Design guidelines for Upper Floor Windows and Display Windows have been amended to list "Tinted and Dark Glass" and "Reflective Glass" as not recommended. 7. The SHSI staff suggested that the Ames Historic Preservation Commission be involved in the review process for fagade improvement projects. This could be a formal review included as part of the process, or it could be an informal review prior to submittal of a formal application for approval of the fagade improvement project. Staff Comments: This is a procedural step and would not affect the content of the Downtown Design Guidelines. The Ames Historic Preservation Commission conducts regular meetings on the second Monday of each month. If the Commission is to be involved in the formal approval process, it may be necessary for the Commission to conduct "Special Meetings" as needed so as not to delay the review and approval process for exterior facade improvement projects that must be completed during the construction season. Another option would be the establishment of a subcommittee that would function in an advisory capacity to City staff. This subcommittee would be comprised of three members of the Historic Preservation Commission. This subcommittee would be expected to meet with staff prior to staff giving its decision to the applicant. Again, the role of the subcommittee is to serve as an advisor to City staff in the administration of this Downtown Design Guidelines Program. This would accomplish both objectives of expediting the approval process and yet, at the same time, include involvement and input by representatives of the Historic Preservation Commission. This is the option recommended by City staff for implementation. A third option is not to involve the Commission in the review and approval process for exterior fagade improvements in the Downtown area. 5 Compliance with Comments and Suggestions by the SHSI. The majority of the comments staff received from the State Historical Society of Iowa were editorial in nature, or were suggestions and not requirements. Staff and the Consultant have reviewed all of the commerts and suggestions and have incorporated changes into the proposed guidelines that address each of the points described above. Downtown Design Guidelines. The Downtown Design Guidelines apply to commercial buildings on properties that abut Main Street or Fifth Street between Grand Avenue and Duff Avenue. The City Council has not yet determined if compliance with the Downtown Design Guidelines will be mandatory or voluntary for properties inside the boundaries described above. It is staff's understanding that downtown business and/or property owners will be required to comply with the Downtown Design Guidelines, only if they choose to participate in the Downtown Revolving Loan Fund program or seek property tax exemption for building improvements as part of the proposed Downtown Urban Revitalization Area. City Council should understand that the implementation of this Downtown Design Guideline Program has a notable weakness. The administration of these Guidelines in a voluntary manner could result in many of the architectural guidelines being adhered to since they are financed partially by the City. On the other hand, there could be instances when other architectural aspects of the fagade could be installed that do not meet the guidelines. The City obviously would not finance these architectural features. The Downtown Design Guidelines (see attached) address the following architectural elements of the Downtown commercial buildings: • Streetscape • Upper fagades • Upper windows • Storefronts • Transoms • Display windows • Kickplates • Entrances • Signs • Awnings and Canopies • New construction 6 Downtown Revolving Loan Fund. Staff has created a financial incentive program that would be offered in combination with the Downtown Design Guidelines. This program is referred to as the Downtown Revolving Loan Fund. The $100,000 budgeted by the City Council in FY2000-2001 for downtown improvement incentives would fund this Revolving Loan Fund Program. This balance would be supplemented by an additional $100,000 in FY2001-2002. The Downtown Revolving Loan Fund is described as follows: I. Creation: • Capitalize the Downtown Revolving Loan Fund with $100,000 of City funds. • Encourage historic redevelopment in the Downtown. ll. Boundaries (Eligible properties must be located inside the following boundaries.): • North: North side of Fifth Street (Includes properties on the north side of Fifth Street.); • East: West side of Duff Avenue; • South: North side of Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way; and, • West: East side of Grand Avenue. III. Eligible Participants: • Owners/tenants of existing commercial buildings, located inside the boundaries described above, that have not used the Downtown Revolving Loan Fund in the past year. • Concurrence of the property owner is required before improvements proposed by the tenant can be considered for approval. IV. Ineligible Participants: • Buildings owned by the government. • Churches and other religious institutions, to the extent prohibited by State and Federal guidelines. • Residential structures. 7 V. Eligible Activities (Any combination of the following design components.): • Streetscape • Upper Facades • Upper windows • Storefronts • Transoms • Display windows • Kickplates • Entrances • Signs • Awnings and Canopies • New construction VI. Ineligible Activities: • Interior improvements • Roofing • Inappropriate cleaning methods, repairs, replacements or alterations • Landscaping • Foundations • Security systems • Interior window coverings • Personal property and equipment • Non-permanent fixtures VII. Terms: • Maximum loan amount is $15,000. (Exceptions to the loan amount may be approved by the City Council on a case-by-case basis.) • Applicant must match the loan amount on a dollar for dollar basis. • Interest rate is calculated at no interest. • Prior bank approval for project required, if applicable. • Three (3) year maximum length of direct loan. • Monthly loan repayments. • Security will be secondary to lending institutions. 8 Vill. General Conditions: • Improvements must be maintained in good order for a minimum time period of five(5) years. • All existing code deficiencies, within the scope of the project, must be corrected. • Preliminary project budget must be provided that includes cost estimates prepared by an architect, engineer, contractor, or other design professional. • Preliminary construction schedule. • Property taxes must be current and participants may not have debts in arrears to the City of Ames. • All pertinent permits must be obtained and all work must comply with City, State, and Federal Regulations. • Participants will provide a "Certificate of Insurance" for the project naming the "City of Ames" as an additional insured party. • All contractors must be registered with the City of Ames. • Applicant will not be reimbursed for personal labor costs or labor costs of family members, nor can these costs be counted in the total project costs. • Deviation from an approved project plan may disqualify the applicant. • City Council approval is required. IX. Downtown Design Guidelines: • Projects must follow the adopted Downtown Design Guidelines. Projects that seek RLF funds must adhere to the recommended architectural guidelines. Architectural features that do not adhere to the recommended guidelines will not be funded by the City. • City Council approval of the improvement plans is required for each proposed project. X. Architectural Design Services: • Each commercial property in this area is eligible for reimbursement of 9 architectural design services for the project in an amount not to exceed $1,000.00 XI. Administration: • The Application Packet must be filled out completely before the application is accepted for consideration by the City of Ames. • Once it has been determined that all required application materials have been completed and submitted to the City of Ames, staff will inform the applicant of the date for consideration of the application by the City Council. • Loan proceeds are drawn down at the completion of the project. • Work must be completed within six (6) months of the date of approval of the application by the City Council. ALTERNATIVES: 1. The City Council can approve resolutions adopting the Downtown Design Guidelines and the Downtown Revolving Loan Fund, as proposed. This proposal includes the use of an advisory committee of the Historic Preservation Commission. 2. The City Council can deny approval of resolutions adopting the Downtown Design Guidelines and the Downtown Revolving Loan Fund. 3. The City Council can approve resolutions adopting the Downtown Design Guidelines and the Downtown Revolving Loan Fund, with modifications. 4. The City Council can refer this proposal back to staff for additional information. MANAGER'S RECOMMENDED ACTION: It is the recommendation of the City Manager that the City Council approve Alternative #1. This will approve resolutions adopting the Downtown Design Guidelines and the Downtown Revolving Loan Fund, as proposed. The manager believes the proposed Downtown Design Guidelines, as revised, addresses concerns and suggestions received from the various stakeholders that have reviewed this document. Downtown business owners and property owners have expressed a great deal of interest in the financial assistance program and are very supportive of the Downtown Design Guidelines. COUNCIL ACTION: 10 DOWNTOWN A►MES DESIGN GUIDELINES I. PURPOSE The purpose of these design guidelines is to encourage improvements to the facades of commercial buildings in Downtown Ames that befit its historical character. The preservation of this character is critical to increase economic vitality in Downtown Ames. The boundaries of this project area are: East: west side Duff Avenue South: north side railroad tracks West: east side Grand Avenue North: north side 5th Street The adherence to these guidelines results in the benefits outlined at the end of this document. Parapet Parapet Panel Upper Facade s Upper Floor Windows Strigcourse SINGER Transom Area ,. Storefront 53+ I��w� Recessed Entrance " Display Windows r µ r KickplateBulkhead �: Components of an Historic Commercial Facade in Ames I II. GOALS Practical These design guidelines encourage sensitive rehabilitation to historic structures without causing economic hardship to individual property owners. These design guidelines encourage property owners to identify improvement projects appropriate for a specific property and to implement them if they wish. These design guidelines encourage flexibility within the framework of common design principles, which have evolved and proved successful over many years of time in Ames. These design guidelines complement federal tax incentives and other brick-and-mortar grants- in-aid programs available for improvements to historic buildings. Property owners and merchants interested in these incentives should consult other standard guidelines, most notably the "Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation". Please refer to the National Park Service web site at: http•//www.2.cr.nps. ogL v/tRs. These national standards are the guidelines by which projects are evaluated in order to access state and federal financial incentives. The evaluations for these programs typically include work done on the entire building, including interiors. Conservation and Revitalization Investment These design guidelines protect past investments. If implemented properly, these guidelines will steer new investment and stimulate the development and revitalization process. National Register of Historic Places Downtown Ames has the potential to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places as an historic district. Compliance with these design guidelines will allow Downtown Ames to maintain that eligibility, at the same time as its architecture continues to evolve. The National Register is the official list of the Nation's cultural resources worthy of preservation. Administered by the National Park Service under the Secretary of the Interior, properties listed in the National Register include districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that are significant in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture. These properties are resources that contribute to an understanding of the historical and cultural foundations of the nation. Listing in the National Register qualifies properties for a variety of historic preservation incentive programs. They include federal and state tax credits for certified rehabilitations of qualified projects and grants-in-aid from state government for brick-and-mortar improvement 2 projects. Listing in the National Register,by itself, however, does not interfere with a private property owner's right to alter, manage, or dispose of property. Selected buildings in Downtown Ames may also be eligible for the Historic Resource Development Program (HRDP) grants and/or Historic Sites Program Grants (HSPG). Incentives from the State of Iowa may apply to interior improvements, as well. Local Designation Downtown Ames also has the potential to be designated as a local historic district. This would be in addition to the existing Old Town Historic District located in the residential area north of Downtown. Designation of Downtown as a local historic district has the likely consequence of requiring mandatory compliance with these Design Guidelines. III. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW & PERIOD OF SIGNIFICANCE What is the historic character of Downtown Ames? Downtown Ames embodies in its architecture a tangible expression of the community's character. That character--developed over 150 +/- years--is no-nonsense, efficient, matter of fact, and plain spoken. These qualities compliment a scientific way of thinking and reflect the ethos of"Science with Practice," as expressed by the community's biggest employer, Iowa State University. The architectural expression of this character in Downtown Ames evolved over a period of time. The years between circa 1910 and circa 1950 witnessed its flowering. These years constitute the period of significance for the district. Initially, Downtown Ames evolved like many others across Iowa. By the late Nineteenth Century, Late Victorian-styled buildings lined Main Street, and the facades of these buildings featured prominent cornice ornamentation. Today in Ames, only a handful of these original Victorian facades survive. One stands at 212 Main Street, and a later example stands at 230, 232, and 234 Main Street. ! I rs . Many buildings in Downtown Ames began their life as Victorian architectural designs. This circa 1905 view pictures the north side of Main Street between Kellogg and Douglas. The I.O.O.F. Temple is at left. 3 Beginning in the 1910s, the streetscape started to change. The Commercial Style of architecture, a progressive and utilitarian solution to commercial design, was introduced in Ames through the construction of several prominent buildings--notably the Masonic Temple and the Sheldon Munn-Hotel. Now other property owners in Ames sought to emulate this style. Some constructed new buildings. Many updated older buildings using the Commercial Style as a model. Victorian cornices were stripped off and replaced with parapet panels,brick- worked in geometric patterns. Brick stringcourses and other detailing replaced Victorian window treatments. This movement was referred to as "Face Lifts on Main" in an intensive, historical survey of the central business district conducted in 1992. The influence of the Commercial Style continued far into the Twentieth Century. The Frango Building at 202 Main Street and the Commercial Building at 200 Main Street--dating from the 1940s and 1950s--are examples. Because this transformation was so universal, Downtown Ames possesses a unity of architectural design. Of course, some buildings were built or remodeled under other architectural influences, such as the Art Deco storefront at 136 Main Street. Today, they possess architectural significance in their own right and their design should be respected. ` �,,, ��;;, �mow,. rf;✓, h 1� 4W From the 1910s to the 1950s, most of Ames' Victorian buildings were faced lifted to reflect a simplified Commercial Style of architecture. This 1976 photograph pictures the transformation. (The Temple is center right.) Today, these four decades of Commercial Style designs possess historical significance. To replicate the Victorian.facades would be incompatible with this period of significance and very expensive. 4 What conclusions can be drawn from this historical analysis? • The utilitarian character of the Commercial Style of architecture reflects a practical approach to life,as exemplified by science and business. • The Commercial Style of architecture touched a profoundly deep chord in Downtown Ames. • The"Face Lifts on Main"phenomenon and its close associations with the Commercial Style of architecture distinguish Downtown Ames from other downtowns in Iowa. • The period from the 1910s to the 1950s--the time when these architectural influences prevailed-- is historically significant to Ames because it calls attention to a major period of growth in the community. • Downtown Ames should be preserved and showcased as an historic district for the reasons outlined above. • Although the preservation of original Victorian facades in Downtown Ames is strongly encouraged,the reconstruction of nonextant Victorian facades should be discouraged. • The preservation of architectural design,as expressed in Ames from the 1910s to the 1950s--the period of significance for Downtown Ames--is strongly encouraged. 5 IV. CURRENT CONDITIONS Downtown Ames stands at a turning point. Most of the buildings faced lifted or constructed between the 1910's and the 1950's in the district retain the historic integrity of their Commercial Style of architecture. Now, however, new functions for them and other historic buildings constructed during the period of significance--first floor offices, for example--pose questions concerning the preservation of that integrity. Commercial signage poses another question. Some recent installations have introduced elements, which call attention to themselves at the expense of their neighbors. General maintenance is another area for concern. Many buildings need general facade maintenance, particularly the upper floors. For many years, street trees masked this area, and neglected maintenance is now apparent. V. GUIDING PRINCIPLES The following principles set a framework for appropriate historic preservation activities. Repair rather than replace. The retention of historic building materials is strongly encouraged. "When in doubt, leave it out." Elaborate ornamentation detracts from historic buildings in Downtown Ames. Look up The repair and maintenance of upper story windows would greatly improve buildings in Downtown Ames. Selecting one color for these windows and repeating it elsewhere on the storefront helps unite the fagade as a harmonious composition. Uncover rather than mask Architectural treasure might lie hidden behind layered accretions. Consult Read the architectural evaluation of your building in"Historical and Architectural Resources of Ames,Iowa",a 1992 surveyed prepared for the City of Ames. This and other materials noted at the end of this document are available at the Ames Public Library. Consult the National Park Service web site at: http://www.2.cr.nps.gov/tpS and learn more about appropriate treatments and standards and how to choose them and how to apply them. 6 Document and restore Historic photos can provide guidance when planning and/or reviewing projects. When documentary evidence shows an important,nonextant architectural feature from the district's period of significance,consider its restoration. Relatively few buildings in Downtown Ames fit this category. Victorian fagade reconstruction discouraged The unique architectural quality of Downtown Ames is diminished by attempts to imitate an earlier Victorian design. Most of the original Victorian buildings in Ames have been so substantially remodeled that these attempts would be very expensive,involve a major use of new materials,and such replication efforts do not contribute to the historic integrity of the district. Historic integrity cannot be restored Once original materials have been removed or substantially altered,the quality of a building's historic character cannot be replicated. Be a good neighbor Consider whether your improvement blends with the overall streetscape or calls attention to itself. VI. RECOMMENDATIONS Streetscape While Downtown Ames is seen by many as a single entity, a wide variety in development patterns and the subsequent style and design of architecture is evident. The downtown can be divided into at least four separate sub-sections, each having some unique development and design characteristics. These areas include the downtown core, the east edge of downtown, the north edge and the west end. The downtown core is the heart of downtown and has at its center, the largest single building in downtown Ames, the Sheldon-Munn Hotel. The core generally is defined by masonry buildings at least two stories in height built sometime from early 1900's to about 1940. The buildings sit right up to the sidewalk and are built immediately adjacent to one another. The east edge of downtown has generally one-story buildings and exhibits somewhat of an auto-oriented design where buildings are set back from the sidewalk or separated to accommodate parking. The east end is visually anchored by the municipal power plant and has a slightly more industrial character, especially as one crosses Duff Avenue. The northern edge of the downtown incorporates civic and semi-public uses. Along 5th & 6th they include the former high school (now Ames City Hall), library, post office, a number of churches, and the Elks lodge. These building types act as a transition from the downtown core (intensive commercial uses) to the residential neighborhoods to the north. This transition is in both use and form. The buildings themselves begin to exhibit setbacks from the street and 7 some also have side yard setbacks. Fifth Street has also experienced redevelopment and increasing commercial use with office buildings typifying the streetscape. The west end of downtown has been anchored by the railroad depot since its construction in 1900. The immediate surrounding areas also create a transition to the auto oriented corridors along Grand Avenue and Lincoln Way, as well as the residential neighborhood to the north. The west end of downtown is more office and financial in nature. Buildings are also significantly newer than in the downtown core area (aside from the depot). Many buildings in this area date from the 1950s to the present. Setbacks and styles vary, but here too, setbacks are more common and off street parking lots are more prevalent. When developing guidelines for the entire downtown district, it is important to recognize these various development trends. A definition of long range goals for growth and development would help to define what type of character is desired for each of these particular areas. An appropriate time to define the long range goals for each of the four sub-sections of Downtown would be during the process of preparing a National Register nomination for Downtown. When one stands on Main Street in downtown Ames and views the buildings looking to the east and to the west, certain characteristics become evident. These elements reinforce the predominant Commercial Style of architecture in downtown Ames. Since it is similar to the Prairie style, Commercial Style architecture exhibits strong horizontal characteristics. The presence of horizontal stringcourses, rectangular parapet panels and the strong horizontal lines created by the top edges of the buildings reinforce these lines. Recommended Buildings to retain the general horizontal/linear aspect of the current downtown streetscape Roof lines to reinforce this linear feeling Roof line hidden by parapet Parapets used to disguise any slope roof visible from the street Parapet integrated as an overall part of storefront design and not of different material than the main facade Building setback to abut sidewalk Building height of 2 to 4 stories Zero lot line(abut street right of way and buildings on either side) Building elevation to parallel street Buildings constructed beyond the district's period of significance(see individual building evaluations in the 1992 report"Historical and Architectural Resources of Ames,Iowa")maintained as modern buildings Storefronts to express the standard 20'-25'width of parcels on the streetscape to reinforce pedestrian scale Masonry columns or piers shall match the material used on the upper facade to help define the storefront patterns or rhythm 8 Not Recommended Projecting features--like storefront,awning,canopy,or other building element at irregular angles to the facade Buildings constructed beyond the district's period of significance retrofitted to an earlier design Display windows oblique or diagonally oriented to facade(see"Entrances"section below) Storefront treatments that extend across multiple buildings in attempts to unify them into a single unit Siding materials or other treatments that cover the piers that define the storefront openings Exposed gable roofs on facade �q 71 11 NM ZY V i Y 0 �3 raa. � ,a. ,�.�e:Muth ^"�• ear ......... .. t:� These two buildings in Wisconsin illustrate many of the "not recommended"treatments discussed in these guidelines. Consider the treatments of the upper windows, the storefront, and the attempt to unify two store units as one. 9 Upper Facades The typical construction material for commercial buildings in downtown Ames is modular masonry (brick)in a variety of color combinations and textures. The vast majority of architectural detailing in downtown architecture is created by varying the installation and color of the masonry units. While this is not the extremely ornate detailing that would be more typical of earlier turn-of-the-century architecture, it does have a richness and variety unique to Ames. The utilitarian Commercial Style design has more simple detailing and strong horizontal lines. The detailing is typically found in the parapet panels and stringcourses. Parapet panels include basket weave designs created by groups of three bricks alternated between stacked bond and soldier course layouts. Stringcourses are created with a soldier course (sometimes in a contrasting color), by projecting a row of bricks or by using a cast stone trim band. Builders in Ames interpreted the Commercial Style of architecture using a local design. Each of these buildings illustrates parapet panels using unique but similar treatments. Although subtle, the repetition of the common motifs effectively unifies the streetscape. Again the Commercial Style omits any highly decorative window hoods, any heavy or articulated cornice bands and sometimes even omits contrasting window sills. Windows are commonly accented by a soldier brick course across the top and sometimes by stacked bond borders. Sometimes these treatments are in a contrasting color. The soldier course might also become a stringcourse by simply extending it across the width of the entire facade. Recommended Retain the simplicity of design characteristic of the district Retain historic brick detailing Retain cornices,if present Repair and retain parapet paneling and stringcourses Painting of stucco surfaces that existed prior to the adoption of these design guidelines is acceptable if in neutral color Use of masonry,especially modular brick Identify presence of historic materials behind cover-up materials installed after the district's period of significance Assess the utility of these historic materials for good historic design 10 Remove cover-up materials Repair historic features Cleaning of brick facades as needed,using the gentlest means possible Tuck pointing of decayed mortar joints according to historic preservation specifications Repair brick walls rather than strip and replace Not Recommended Painting exterior brick surfaces that have never been painted Installation of new hypothetical or ornate cornice Creation of an artificial design theme for downtown,with features such as"Boomtown"fronts;pent roofs;or Wild West,"Phony Coloni"or other false fronts Recreation of Victorian facades Slipcovers Heavy detailing,especially along cornice edges and/or around windows Parapet raised or lowered Installation of siding materials that cover or obscure the historic materials Use of modern materials such as wood sheathing,Styrofoam,vinyl, "Dry Vit,"or other exterior insulation finish systems(EIFS) Use of stucco(rarely used in Ames historically) Sandblasting or other abrasive cleaning Note:Waterblasting may disqualify a building's eligibility for federal and state income tax credits 11 Upper Windows Upper floor windows are a major element within the downtown that represent economic vitality and life. Well-maintained windows that coordinate with the color scheme used on the main floor help unify the entire facade and create a more interesting architecture. Windows that have been covered over, have broken glass and are in general disrepair present an image of an unkempt and failing business district. As with the basic upper facade, the typical upper story window treatment in the downtown core is simple and straightforward. The most prevalent type of upper story window in Ames is the most basic one-over-one double-hung sash wood window. There are various window details, but very few have any significant design detailing. Double hung windows are simple rectangles, but are basically a vertical element. These smaller vertical elements, when seen in the context of the street, help create an interesting contrast to the other strong horizontal elements. While single windows set at regular intervals is common, also common are groups of two windows set in pairs in a single masonry opening. The masonry openings for paired windows are more a square shape than a rectangle, but in the context of the overall street face, the effect is much the same as the single units. Recommended Original windows always recommended for retention Glazing,sash,and window surrounds repaired and maintained Curtains,blinds or other interior window treatment consistent across the facade and kept clean If window replacement necessary,keep design compatible with district's period of significance and original window cavity filled completely with window Retain the simplicity of design characteristic of the district Sash and window surrounds painted a color to coordinate with building's overall color scheme Wood or anodized aluminum window replacements, only if retention of original wood windows is not possible Use of metal windows could disqualify the building for ; state and/or federal income tax credits. x �s dam= Not Recommended Blocked-in window cavities . New elaborate hood molds over windows Installation of shutters open or closed Awnings on upper windows Any type of size reduction in the window cavity or change in overall dimensions Any type of size reduction in windows or change in Upper windows are often overlooked. overall dimensions Inappropriate treatment such as this detracts Glass block from historic buildings and the streetscape. Tinted and dark glass 12 Reflective glass Single,fixed-pane windows Mullion patterns not based on historic usage in Ames Vinyl windows Large lettering or other advertising on glass Clad aluminum windows to replace wood originals,if state or federal income tax credits are sought. Storefronts +5P The "store" is the basic architectural unit in Downtown Ames. Its fagade typically measures from 20' to 25' in width. nay The "storefront" is the first story portion of the store. 4 5 From the street level the storefront is perhaps the ' single most important element of the streetscape. , Effective storefront design can make an entire district inviting and pedestrian friendly. The insertion of inappropriate storefront treatments becomes a detriment to the vitality of the downtown district. ` t In order to be an effective facility for the sale of goods irand services, the storefront has been used as a tool to — _ -- present these goods and services to the passing pedestrian (potential customer). Because of this ro function, the storefront has traditionally been as All the elements of the historic storefront: transparent as possible to allow maximum visibility to transom, display windows, recessed entry, the interior. The storefront has also been a major and kickplate. This building's timeless source for natural light and ventilation for the long and design employs quality materials and narrow configuration of the typical downtown lot. results in an inviting storefront. A storefront consists of a series of inter-related components including the transom windows, display windows, the kickplate (bulkhead), and the entrance. Other significant storefront features include its signs and awnings/canopies. This section discusses the storefront in general. Other significant features are discussed in separate sections below. Recommended Retain the individual"store"unit at the street level and for the upper facade. Retain the simplicity of design characteristic of the district Fit storefront within original opening defined by support pilasters,columns,or other framing Predominately glass,75%as a norm Maintain a regular pattern or rhythm with other facades along the street Create unity for businesses that extend across multiple storefronts by using similar or coordinating colors and graphics on the individual storefronts For multiple-bay buildings with numerous tenants--like the Sheldon-Munn Hotel--use similar colors and graphics to unify all the storefronts Retain recessed entry areas at middle or side(See entrances section below.) 13 Not Recommended Painting exterior brick surfaces Siding materials to cover original columns or framing Storefront windows smaller than historically used Re-creation of Victorian facades E "Boomtown,"pent roof,Wild West,"Phony Coloni" or other false fronts Slipcovers Use of modern materials such as wood sheathing, Styrofoam,vinyl,"Dry Vit" Use of stucco(rarely used in Ames historically) Storefront treatments that extend across multiple buildings - Eliminating recessed entry area An inappropriate storefront treatment. 14 Transoms Transom windows are at the very top portion of the storefront opening. They are mainly a source for natural light, and also ventilation. They can also be a location for signs and advertising. This function, along with the trend to reduce windows for energy conservation, led to the covering or removal of many transom window systems. Today, transoms are one of the most common areas in need of renovation to capitalize on historic character. Over-scaled signs installed on inappropriate siding materials have typically replaced them.' Traditional transom window designs vary widely. Some feature very basic clear glass = panes. Ribbed or frosted panels are also cc� pne�n common. Leaded prismatic tiles are also a common transom window design, especially " during the World War I era. The commercial building at 417 Douglas Avenue (Ames Heritage Association Museum) is an example of 4 this style of transom. Some transom windows incorporated decorative tile bands or even unique designs of colored glass. Transom windows at 417 Douglas Avenue—a good historic design carefully maintained. The uncovering and restoration of transom windows is strongly encouraged. Often the original transoms are still intact behind the newer siding materials and signs and only need minor repairs. If the transom windows are missing, the installation of new ones should be encouraged. If the original transom design cannot be verified, a simple design should be used. The use of new, highly ornate colored glass transom is discouraged. " i Claw .,aFu .� .,k, •>> ,3•. ^'�''�„ Two transom treatments in Spencer, Iowa. The building at left retains its original transoms. (A flat canopy was installed at a later time.) The building at the right has masked its transoms. Which building is more appealing? Both buildings need to improve their signage. Perhaps the "Christensen Jewelry"sign technique, (see "Awnings and Canopies"below)would be a good solution for both. 15 The incorporation of signs into the transom area is a desirable treatment. The sign can be painted(or vinyl lettering) directly onto the glass. The transom can be illuminated from the inside, creating a highly visible, and yet historically appropriate sign treatment. Transom windows that have been totally removed can be disguised with a sign and/or awning treatment. The sign and awning treatment should be constrained to fit within the original transom window area so that the new design reinforces the traditional storefront configuration. Recommended Uncovering transoms/removal of cladding materials strongly encouraged. Often original transoms remain extant behind newer siding materials and signs and need only minor repair. Repair existing Installation of new transoms encouraged,if original framing extant Keep transom design simple if original cannot be verified Incorporation of signs into the transom area is a desirable treatment(see"Signs"section below) Transom can be illuminated from the inside to create a highly visible yet historically appropriate sign treatment Transoms that have been totally removed can be disguised with a sign and/or awning. Such a treatment should be constrained to fit within the original transom window so that the new design reinforces the traditional storefront configuration Not Recommended Installation of fancy/colored glass if historically undocumented Installation of siding materials to cover transom-opening Removal of transom 16 Display Windows Display windows are used to display goods and merchandise available for sale within the store. Historically, display windows were built of individual panes of glass as large as possible to showcase these goods. These large, clear panes of glass created unobstructed views to the interior of the store. The framing is typically lightweight to help reinforce this as much as feasible. In order to maximize this and minimize the visible window framing, metal became the typical window framing material. The typical storefront has vertical divisions, that is support members at the sides of the building and flanking the entrance. Horizontal window divisions were avoided except to separate the display windows from the transom windows. Recommended Retain the simplicity of design characteristic of the district Retain original storefront window size and dimensions,frames and glass Large expanse of glass,75%+/-of the storefront Clear glass Simple,vertical metal framing with a dark finish similar to oxidized copper, such as anodized aluminum Elevated above sidewalk 18 inches+/- Vertical blinds or half-length curtains for privacy,if desired Window displays encouraged Not Recommended Tinted and dark glass Reflective glass Glass block Heavy,decorated or thick columns Horizontal framing,except to separate display and transom areas 17 Kickplates Kickplates (also called bulkheads) are the bottom-most portion of the storefront. Kickplates provide a raised platform to help bring goods on display closer to eye level for pedestrians. They also help to protect the display windows from potential damage caused by snow removal, sweeping, bicycles and other day-to-day sidewalk activities. Because kickplates come into close contact with the ground, the trend over time was to use durable, low maintenance materials for them. In late 19th century construction, wood kickplate panels and window frames were common. As more durable materials became increasingly available and less expensive, their popularity rose. The primary material for kickplates during the period of significance in Ames--the early to mid-Twentieth Century--was brick(matching main facade or sometimes matching accent brick). Also used were various types of tile and stone including granite and marble. Stone was often used in large monolithic panels. Tiles often were 4" in size. New kickplate panel treatments should conform to these materials. Simple tiles in a fairly neutral character should be encouraged. Patterns, again if within the style typical of the period should be encouraged as well. Also encouraged should be stone, especially if large monolithic panels are used. Recommended Materials include brick,or 4 inch tile,or monolithic panels of stone,marble,or granite New kickplate panel treatments to conform to the materials listed above Color to be fairly neutral in character Color to blend with major building materials Kickplate 18 inches+/-in height Not Recommended Corrugated metal Plywood,T-111,or similar product Concrete Decoration Other new product materials,like"Dry Vit,"wood sheathing,vinyl. 18 Entrances Entrances are the transition from the sidewalk to the interior of the building. The entrance includes both the entrance door and the space adjacent to it. Entrances are typically designed to reflect the character and scale of the space they access. A large public building will often have a very significant and monumental entry system. On the other hand, the service door or access to a small second floor area should be very unobtrusive and almost inconsequential. Typical commercial entrances are somewhere in between. Commercial entrances strive to entice customers inside. The forms used to do this vary. Some entrances directly abut the sidewalk. Some have deep angled recesses to allow more display area to be visible from the sidewalk. Some entrances feature vertical "stair steps" to the door. Many entrances are simple recesses set at symmetrical angles at the center of the storefront. More rarely these recesses are square. A recessed entry is a psychological transition from the sidewalk to the interior of a commercial building. It can be compared to the "front porch" for this building type and helps ease the change from the public street to the more private interior. The recessed entry also provides a safe place for the entry door to open without extending into the sidewalk area. The location of an entrance in the storefront varies. An entrance centered in the storefront is most typical. Entrances are also common at the side of the storefront. Commercial doors act as part of the storefront and display area. In general they continue the same general principles of the display window and bulkheads. They typically have a large area of glass which is elevated slightly above the sidewalk area (18 inches +/- in height). The door or doors are usually simple. Fancy leaded glass, highly ornamented trim and fancy window shapes are not generally used. Secondary doors, such as those to upper floor apartments or offices, have smaller window areas. They are placed less prominently than the main commercial entrance. Secondary entrances are typically located on one side of overall storefront. On commercial blocks (storefront buildings originally designed with two storefronts, such as at 304-306 Main Street,)the secondary entrance is often in the center between the two storefront sections. Typically the secondary entrance is separated from the main storefront by a masonry pier or column. 19 Recommended Retain the historic entry configuration of a property Recess the entrance from the sidewalk,but keep the door parallel to the street and sidewalk Incorporate the recess area into the display windows Use the same general materials as the storefront display windows on the entrance system Entrance shall reflect the character and scale of space it accesses Entrance door shall have large open window Entrance door shall be of simple design Secondary doors shall have smaller window areas,placed less prominently than primary doors,and flanked by masonry pier or column Not Recommended Entrance door at an unusual angle to the street Creation of a secondary entrance that has more prominence than the main entrance Ornate leaded glass windows,oval,or other unusually shaped windows Solid doors without any glass Elaborate leaded glass,highly ornamented trim,fancy window-shaped,or other ornate doors Residential-type doors,including"cross buck"patterned doors and screens 20 S1gnS Effective signs can and should be a creative expression that add vitality, visual interest, and character to a commercial district. Signs are among the largest character defining elements of a retail establishment. Store signs in some communities were historically often garish intrusions on the architecture. A study of historic images shows that this was not the case in Ames. Signs in Ames have generally been quite restrained--only rarely placed on the upper floors of buildings, for example. � k � �y � � �Ra� Ewa dy�.+•..s�,.,x.,.,ags,s He � Examples of interesting flush mounted signs on historic buildings. Note that these signs are generally horizontal in order to fit the proportions of the building. Examples of simple overhead "goose neck"lights to provide illumination are also visible in two of the examples(top left and bottom left). Kx V_ � ,fir... _., «._,sA::. ,� a_....•__�..�_z,�, ......... �;«, �m Signs should not call attention to themselves at the expense of neighboring businesses. Signs can range widely in shape, color, appearance, and character, but their size, general location, and materials should follow guidelines. Signs can be flush mounted, hanging or installed on windows. Signs should be designed to fit within the proportions and scale of the individual building. Flush mounted signs should generally be placed below the second floor window sills. Projecting or hanging signs may be allowed to be placed higher on the facade. It may be desirable to limit the overall size of hanging signs. The illumination of signs is appropriate but often leads to undesirable solutions. The most common illuminated signs are internally-lit, plastic sign panels mounted on a metal frame. Typically, these signs are not designed for individual properties so often times they do not fit well into individual storefronts designs. 21 Ames has a number of interesting historic signs, especially examples of historic neon. The repair to working order and preservation of these unique historic signs is encouraged. Signs serve customers on at least two different scales: for the pedestrian on the sidewalk and for the rider in a vehicle. Business signs should work on both levels. Good pedestrian signs include signs installed on the lower portions of display windows, small signs hanging from canopies, and signs on doors. Vehicular oriented signs are typically in the transom window or just above the transoms or hanging signs. Signs should not be allowed to have strobe lights, flashing elements or distracting actions. Recommended Flush mounted to facade no higher than bottom of 2nd floor windows Restore/repair historic signs,including existing neon Horizontal/linear signs that fit the overall proportions of the building Encourage window signs on plate glass Encourage transom window signs. Signs can be painted or vinyl lettered directly onto the glass Use signage area for creative expression of business character Pedestrian-scaled and auto-scaled signage Maximum of three signs per storefront as an adequate number Not Recommended Back-lit signs Molded plastic"canister"signs Signs on upper story walls Signs with strobe lights,flashing elements or distracting actions Flush mounted or projecting vertical signs that extend above the bottom of the 2nd floor windows Signs that call attention to themselves at the expense of neighboring businesses because of color, scale,lighting,materials,or other obtrusive feature More than three signs per storefront 22 Awnings and Canopies Awnings are constructed of fabric, and canopies are constructed of metal. Both are present in Downtown Ames and serve a number of purposes. Awnings and canopies shade the interior of display windows, they protect pedestrians from precipitation, and they add additional color to the streetscape that can help reinforce the image of a business. Awnings can also be effective to retain the traditional architectural character of the downtown by disguising some of the alterations that have occurred to the transom areas of storefronts. Downtown Ames has a number of canopy styles. One style that seems to complement the "no nonsense" approach to the commercial architecture is the flat metal canopies that exist in front of some of the businesses on the north side of the core area. These canopies also help to reinforce the overall horizontal character of the streetscape. Traditional fabric awnings in triangular shape (in cross section) should be encouraged in the downtown. These awnings can be either fixed in place or operable awnings. Fabrics can be solid or striped. The traditional "canvas" awning material (contemporary material is actually acrylic) should be used. All fabric awnings should be designed to fit the opening that is intended to cover. On traditional storefronts this is typically the transom window area. Therefore, the awning should have squared corners and should NOT typically extend the full width of the building; the brick storefront piers should be left exposed. However, if there are arched openings on the storefront, the awnings should be arched to fit those openings. Flat canopies are a local tradition, especially on the north side of Main Street. However, these awnings should be simple and unadorned. Flat canopies installed between the display windows and the transom windows can allow natural light to filter through the transom windows while providing shade and protection for the storefront windows. This helps prevent the fading of displays and provides pedestrian protection. Elaborate facings or extravagant designs on awnings or canopies should be generally avoided. Adding siding v materials to the original canopy to provide more space for signs is also to be avoided, as well as other types of canopy systems not traditionally used during the period of O significance of Downtown Ames. These materials, where previously installed, should be removed. Sensitive sign treatment on a,flat canopy in Hampton, Iowa. Note exposed transoms. 23 Signs can be mounted on flat canopies. They can be hung from the underside. It is also possible to install them across the front edge of the canopy without radically altering the overall linearity and simplicity of the canopies. This includes the use of individual letters mounted to the front edge of the canopy. Vinyl or other plastic like materials should be avoided. Vinyl is too shiny for traditional applications. Contemporary vinyl awnings commonly have large flat faces with integrated signs. This style should be avoided. These awnings are actually no more than signs. They do not project far enough to provide sun shading and their shape does not generally complement the traditional architecture. The back lighting of these awnings diminishes the ambiance of the district at night. Recommended Fixed or roll-up in traditional"wedge"shape Fit the opening they cover Arched openings--round OK Simple flat metal to reinforce horizontal nature Restore documented historic canopy treatment Not Recommended Back-lit awnings or canopies Vinyl Rounded shape generally discouraged Corner wrap-arounds(call undue attention to themselves) 24 New Construction No downtown exists in a vacuum. The downtown will expand, change, and evolve over time. This development should be encouraged. New construction is an important component for a vital active downtown district. New structures should reinforce the general character and quality of the downtown while clearly being an expression of the architecture of its own time. As a community grows, a long-range community goal should be to create a more urban environment in the downtown. New construction should reinforce this concept. New buildings will create a more intensive, urban character to the downtown district and should be encouraged. The design of new construction should take into consideration the location of the proposed new building. Redevelopment in the core area--as the result of fire or other destruction, for example--should closely follow the guidelines outlined above. More latitude should be allowed for redevelopment on the fringes of Downtown Ames, where multiple-bay buildings, like the Moore Brothers Dairy Building at 428-432 5th Street, are somewhat common, as our more contemporary buildings. Regardless of these locational considerations, new buildings in Downtown Ames should incorporate the traditional design elements visible in the majority of the downtown core as outlined above. Recommended Retain the overall simplicity of design characteristic of Downtown Ames Incorporate traditional streetscape elements as outlined in the"Streetscape"section above Use masonry for exteriors,with brick and multi-color"tapestry"brick encouraged Use horizontal detailing,using stringcourse of soldier bricks or accent strips,parapet panel details Use windows in a regular pattern or rhythm Employ traditional storefront design with large open sections of glass with minimal mullions Design storefronts that create a pedestrian-oriented feeling along the street Place signs in traditional signage locations,if signs are desired Design awnings and/or canopies as outlined above Not Recommended Any cladding material listed as not recommended in"Storefront'section Extensive use of stucco Painted exterior wall surfaces Clock-or other kinds of towers or vertically-projecting building elements above the roof line Building footprints of irregular or complex shape,which break with the rectilinear character of the downtown streetscape Building elements or architectural detailing of diagonal or oblique configuration Solid wall massing on facade Roof lines visible from the facade Deep setbacks from the street Vehicular parking between the building and the street 25 VII. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to these design guidelines will enhance the visual appeal of Downtown Ames and contribute to its economic vitality. Adherence to these guidelines will provide property owners and businesses with a unified design for the improvement of buildings in Downtown Ames, thereby encouraging improvements, which complement the overall appearance of the area rather than improvements which call attention to themselves. Adherence to these design guidelines will promote tourism in Downtown Ames. Adherence to these design guidelines will preserve the historic integrity of buildings in Downtown Ames and support efforts to list it as an historic district on the National Register of Historic Places. More information: "Historical and Architectural Resources of Ames,Iowa." Prepared for the City of Ames by William C.Page, Public Historian,in 1992. Volume I of this report includes an Iowa Site Inventory Form for each building in Downtown Ames(excluding some of them west of Clark Street). These forms contain physical descriptions of each building,a discussion of the architectural features that characterize it,and a National Register evaluation. "Face Lifts on Main,"Sharon Wirth narrator. A video presentation created in 1999 and regularly aired on municipal cable television. Farwell T.Brown Photographic Archive,Ames Public Library. Outstanding collection of historic local images with strength in the Victorian period for Downtown Ames properties. "Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings." Publication of the National Park Service and available through the State Historical Society of Iowa,Capitol Complex,Des Moines,IA 50319. These are also available on the web site for the National Park Service at: http://www.2.cr.nps.gov/tRs . These reports are on file at the Ames Public Library,in the City of Ames Planning and Housing Department,and with the State Historical Society of Iowa in Des Moines,Iowa. Many architectural stylebooks are available in local libraries and bookstores. 26