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HomeMy WebLinkAboutA014 - Letter from James Enterprises with concerns about proposed ordinance { PKI JAMS ENTERPRISES, INC. �x;� 4 1811 S. Dayton Ave © Ames, Iowa 50010 © (515) 232-3072 CI i v Cur i€% CITY OF AMPS,I April 21, 1999 Honorable Mayor Tedesco and City Council Members RE: Lighting Ordinance I have read with interest the proposed lighting ordinance and have been amazed at some of the reasoning presented by the proponents of this ordinance. As a business, our biggest concern is the safety and security not only for our employees but for the public that utilizes our facilities. The proponents of this ordinance have disregarded the safety and security feature of lighting entirely. Security statistics in various cities where lighting was improved are: New York - 50-80 percent decrease in vandalism. Washington D.C. - 85 percent decrease in robbery. Chicago - 10 percent decrease in car thefts . Chicago - 30 percent decrease in Bag Snatching. St. Louis - 13 percent decrease in Commercial Burglaries. London - 80 percent decrease in Personal Attacks. Again these statistics are from cities where lighting was improved. Research shows that effective lighting of outdoor spaces provides important benefits to visitors, employees, and legitimate users of a building complex. Although it is obvious that lighting enables us to utilize the nighttime hours for work, shopping and recreational activities, it is important to understand the critical role lighting plays in satisfying the four principal needs: SAFETY - SECURITY - UTILITY - CONVENIENCE Outdoor lighting has become an essential and economical tool for protecting people and property from all types of crime as well as injury caused by poor visibility. Well-designed outdoor lighting for buildings and surrounding areas enhances safety by enabling employees, visitors, and other authorized personnel to see steps or other obstacles in a walkway, pedestrians or vehicles in a parking area, and to take heed of suspicious parties. Although surveillance guards and alarms are widely employed, statistics show that lighting is the least expensive and one of the most effective anti-crime strategies. Psychological, lighting is a powerful deterrent to criminals who operate under the cover of darkness to avoid detection. As many corporations and municipalities have discovered, effective lighting can reduce the risk of accident and crime, and the liability associated with them. These can be good points when in negotiation for more favorable insurance coverage and/or rates . Local law enforcement, utilities and insurance carriers all support lighting as a safety and security tool. Because lighting is highly visible, it is often incorrectly perceived as a major consumer of energy. In fact, the lighting in a building consumes far less energy than heating, air conditioning, and general operations . Reducing outdoor light levels to sub-standard values or switching lighting off entirely to control energy consumptions is counterproductive. Safety and accident prevention, both pedestrian and vehicular, . are high priority concerns wherever people gather to work, shop, or play. Insufficient quantity of illumination can result in reduced visibility, a major factor in accidents . To provide a safe environment around a building, a minimum lighting level is required. This lighting level will vary depending on the reflective properties of the building and pavement. In some instances, higher levels of illumination may be necessary to enhance safety. Finding the right building, identifying entryway' s, reading signs, locating the car in the parking lot -- all these normal activities would not be possible without the illumination of building complexes and adjacent areas at night. Locating cars and directions signs in a parking lot often depends on being able to identify colors from a distance. Lighting aids the process of visual orientation, the means by which a space is perceived. This is particularly helpful to visitors unfamiliar with the area or anyone who finds even familiar routes different and strange at night. Building signs must also be sufficiently illuminated to be read from a moving vehicle at a distance. Seattle / King County Crime Stoppers Small business Security tips "USE EXTERIOR LIGHTING TO INCREASE THE VISIBILITY IN PARKING LOTS AND ENTRANCES" Department of the Environment good practice in security references good lighting "to decrease the publics concern on security. " Research conducted by National Institute of Justice on Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design determined that adequate lighting was one of the most important parts of security. NIJ research in Hartford Con showed how Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design which included increased lighting enhanced the quality of neighborhood life. William and Mary Police Department. Crime Prevention Tips While you are walking or jogging. Always use well lighted walkways Department of Environment UK. Government research shows that passengers on public transport are most concerned when waiting in stations . Respondents rated the following as the most effective safety measures at train and underground stations . 1) Good Lighting 2) Presence of Staff 3) CCTV to provide surveillance Good Lighting was number 1 Royal Insurance company on tips in cutting down on crime. "When parking in a public car park - look for one that is well supervised, with restricted entry and exit points, well lighted and with security cameras. Philadelphia Police Department in doing a security survey has lighting as the number one item on their list. A article on the Buffalo Police who had many problems "enhanced downtown street lighting has made downtown safer" Fort Worth Police Department. Tips on Home Security asks "Do you have only entrance/exit lighting such as front/rear door type lights . Or do you have true security lighting operated by a electric eye or timer, every night, all night, giving your home a perimeter of light around it. " Newport Police Department. In their Crime Prevention Tips states. "Outside lighting around your home can drastically reduce the chance of a burglary, this is cheap security. " Mount Allison campus after a young lady was assaulted. The University said "a decision on the possibility of extra lighting will be considered" Crime prevention initiatives suggests "always park in a well-lit location" not a adequate lit location but a well lit location. Perception of Safety. Not only do people perceive that they will be safer in a well lighted environment, but the persons that might wish to do harm feel that it is unsafe to conduct their activity in a well lighted space. The proponents of the ordinance brings out the point that lighting only gives people the perception that they are safer. They fail to mention that they are in fact safer because the person that would do harm feels they are less safe in a well lite space. Perception is everything. In summary on the issue of safety, with the research that was conducted, we did not find any evidence that a well lite environment was a detriment to security or caused an increase of crime. Quite the opposite was revealed, any increase of lighting decreased crime and increases security. We believe that the lighting ordinance as written is to subjective and will be a detriment to the Safety - Security - Utility - Convenience of the Business people and the public of the City of Ames . The proponents are saying they are grandfathering in nonconforming lighting. We are told as a established business we should not worry. If any business in the city wishes to do extensive outdoor remodeling the new ordinance may will be a deciding factor to shelve those plans if they have to reduce their light level and create a dark area in a other wise well lite area. Light trespass. If from one commercial property to the next the level of lighting has to be reduced to . 5 foot candles you will create a well lite area, then a dimly lite area, then again a well lite area. This gives ill doers a place to hide between commercial properties. This would not increase safety. If we had a commercial neighbor that would shine their light on our premise I would be thankful. This would reduce my need for lighting and increase the safety of my employees and customers. To my knowledge their is not a ordinance in any city in this country that addresses light trespass . In residential areas the light trespass problem would more efficiently be handled from neighbor to neighbor as practically any good neighbor would attest to. The ordinance calls for out door on-premises business signs to be illuminated only while the business facility on the premises is open to the public. When visitors to the city of Ames arrive at night, many want the option of finding their business destination the night before so they can easily get to that location. They will drive in to the city to find that location which is located with the help of illuminated signs. They then can easily find that location the next morning. The use of night lite on premise signs for advertising has a legitimate business need. Lets not forget that every business in the city of Ames has this agenda. It was ' interesting' to read the Editorial in The Tribune on the 20th of April supporting the ordinance. The Tribune has a sign that is illuminated all night. Do they realize that this is a effective advertising media or are they just wasting energy? Section 29. 908 prohibits laser source light and searchlight among other items . Both of these are legitimate advertising ways of using lighting although they are seldom if ever used in Ames. Our neighbor to the South uses laser shows as a form of entertainment and is very effective in bring business to the area desired. Search lights can also be effective. . It was stated that using cutoff fixtures will be more than compensated for any slight reduction in lighting uniformity caused by the use of full-cutoff fixtures. Then the proponents go on to tell us that "If need be, higher poles can be used instead of increasing the number of poles . while it is true that high efficiency full-cutoff light fixtures with good optical control are sometimes a little more expensive than non-cutoff fixtures, the reduced energy and maintenance costs of using the higher efficiency fixtures will quickly pay for any added initial cost. " A little more expense is approximately 30 percent. If you are to buy a electrical eye for the back yard for $19. 95 and by purchasing one with a cutoff fixture increases your cost by 30 percent you will pay about $26. 00 for that same fixture. Not a make or break deal. It would make a great deal of difference if you are installing commercial fixtures and your planned expenditure for fixtures is $8000.00. This would add an additional 30 percent or $2400 . 00. It is also mentioned that you may need higher poles instead of increasing the number of poles . This is all a added cost to the business community. Several times in meetings on this subject I have heard how much energy (dollars) this ordinance will save. I believe that any of the business people in Ames that have been in business for any length of time has the knowledge, or has the network of business associates to get information on where they can cut on the use of energy and where it is best to save dollars. Deceasing safety and security is not a good idea. The impression was given that all of the cities (11 in force in this country) had used the guidelines of the IESNA. In fact only one of the cities reference the IESNA standards according to the comparative analysis lighting codes supplied by your staff. Their are several Professional associations in the electrical/lighting business. They very seldom agree to standards from one association to the next. If they did, only one associates would exist. The proponents of this ordinance in my opinion, do not have my or the business community of Ames best interest at heart . We all have our agenda. Mine is providing a safe and secure environment for our employees and customers and surviving from year to year as a profitable business . The Department of Transportation put us on the back road. We survived. The floods twice tried to put us out of business. We survived. Now the proponents of this ordinance is trying to put us in the dark. What is the agenda for the proponents of this ordinance? Is it to sell more cut off fixtures and to increase their business . Trust the man that wears the Star. Not the man that stares at the Stars . (Its a joke, folks . ) This ordinance, if passed, will be subjective, hard to enforce and will do nothing but create ill will in the residential neighborhoods. This will not only be between neighbors but will be directed toward the City when they have to step in and attempt enforcement. It is a no win situation for the City if passed. I strongly urge you to vote NO on this issue. It is a guess but I would bet that this ordinance is promoted and wanted by less then 20 of the citizens. If you have read this far, I wish to commend you for your perseverance and thank you for your time and consideration. I have attached documentation for your review. S ' rely Rob rt L. Jame President Lfq.f,. •TJ C n•. r Y ay?r---..c- •'~�jaGaGr G, nrnra i In"ef _ .ELF{LoiJw�ay .t,:ieiT,rSF'.:n r T . 'GAgI°Cne 7 IiTa-- �:J9nrpiy a yC:'r ;nt•Ff �. --[" rj,__. iaaaFa } .. a a J aaro J:FG4 .-an N R�. 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I Y - _ ••►• ., �i/�j w') ^v1�.�' ''Ta+C •!" tie fir'. - ^ y't•5 l- y fly O WY'�! yJf t 5 -.-_. .'. � -__ , ~ - - - a r _„ya '^"_'Rio ,;.,,�>rWj w 4 c t :< �- �- ` ,�}�� sl�� r •i • _w • r • • n t.Jb•'LS •r J'F' t��i s .- a; 7 ♦ - _ �yf R� { "'" }r .•6r -ylyYy.1y.�✓ '4`yi •j' .• • • '•w r• _ S7e#� V. f'Yl"` >r^.T' ,,,:'tee° -3.�•.P.�•'_ r.i .t��.- 7;,J.. .fir.}s a •-..-! '. 1 3. _ _,.�''" .use• �•tsf�,"�� w S f'F'� ? r ° ''k ""�i 4 y �'� •"• j -.d" r `"`"7.7a.'9, gqsT`- '.� t_ T>t L t i .L Yt .. .. yr Tom.. w Introduction Lighting For Safer, More Secure Buildings and Spaces 0 As night falls. criminal activity and accident rates other establishments have also extended their hours to increase dramatically. Outdoor lighting has become serve clients in the evenings. Outdoor lighting around an essential and economical too] for protecting industrial and commercial office areas gives people a people and property from all types of crime as well feeling of security about their surroundings. as injure caused M poor visibility. W ell-designed Lighting also facilitates the movement of pedestrian outdoor lighting for industrial and commercial and vehicular traffic through a building complex. building and surrounding areas enhances safety b. Floodlighting or vertical lighting of building surfaces enabling employees.visitors, and other authorized help unify a complex and make it aesthetically appeal- personnel to see steps or other obstacles in a ing. Signs and logos are easier to see. walkway. pedestrians or vehicles in a parking area, and to take heed of suspicious parties. Although sun-eillance. guards. and alarms are n•idely emplo}-ed. statistics show that lighting is the least expensive and one of the most effective anti-crime strategies. Psychologically, lighting is a powerful deterrent to criminals n-ho operate under the cover i of darkness to avoid detection. Lighting also enables j securin-personnel to perform their 4 work more efficiently. t As many corporations and municipalities have discovered, effective lighting can reduce the risk of accident and crime. and the liability•associated with them. These can be good points when negotiating for more favorable The Energy Factor Because lighting is highly visible. it is often incorrectly insurance coverage and,or rates. Local law perceived as a major consumer of energy. In fact,the enforcement, utilities. and insurance carriers lighting in a building consumes far less energy than also support lighting as a safety and security tool. heating. air conditioning. and general operations. Increased Productivity Consen•ation efforts aimed at reducing energy con- Beside enhancing safety and security at night, gumption are in everyone's best interest. However. outdoor lighting creates an environment for pro- reducing outdoor light levels to sub-standard values or ductive work. Shipping. maintenance. and some switching lights off entirely to control energy con- materiak handlintz Often operate outside of nonnal , 'NUnlliilUri h LUUlllc'rl)fJUU,:iI\-l'. TUt1U\-. CIW1'ti\'-Ciil�la. business hours, and lighting is essential to support lighting and lighting systems deliver significant energy Thee acti\•itic•s. as\711g� 1\hiiv 111ainLaililno optlllluill ii-illlllg Today. the globalization of business means that man• With the cost of energy continuing to rise,controlling (� tornlern.J to j enterprises must maintain longer ule energy component In tilt totai cost of lighting hours to remain competitive. Service businesses and makes good economic sense. 2 `F • Y Overview and Suggestio , this Guide This guide is designed to help you take full advantage of security lighting. an important tool in maximizing the use of commercial and industrial buildings and surrounding areas at night It covers how well-designed lighting helps to satisfy four principal needs—safety,security,utility,and convenience—in a varier}•of industrial and commercial areas. T}•pical arc:: c;c ex::mincd ,: :hr applicati;m ar�tion, cm��ha,izinl;spccifi� issue, that of rct the choice of lighting equipment and techniques. These areas include office and industrial buildings, parking lots and storage areas. Specific recommendations for illumination levels and t}'pical light sources are also provided. Essential components of lighting design and ' , practices are discussed. Finally, a product selection guide is included to help relate the __ :°.needs and requirements to a specific lighting product. '' "3;:.�;!'. 7 w+..•s. � .:.•.Y-:fir .. +--ir J'*�'';x.` e i<'r't -< lr' ��r+"�.. '�•w';3 Y r.:C''- ��w�' ,.�3r-y e.W- i„�'t�,�. :; Y•n-. ir�tr• .} ,.- $.y. "'1•`L ic• t ♦ +3 '= =b.=�C:,.�S.� 7.a i r���S• �-�f�!h` �ram:•��� 4`�� � .t��i K/i'.i.eI ^YJ�'Y• ^�"r 'c g1 ire yz,F-•fie �!+�•c+c..a.w �. tea.- ,� .J ``;;+-' r•^ }ry{. •;}. .`.•-ate. �'+,F.� .t r- r ��,Tw . � ,,r ^- :jr1�`m"" � i ,s "�r� - sk_-;. k• y,.' s ' r a� a-' times�.a;=':i r.+L� S {. .•_t'f _ + �• +� z!R J!4EK•'';cit':�.���:��Sr.If�1rt�,y '•rd.Ys7 'i _ - ._ . . .. . "w ,1a may'.:�' k t^"_ ��"�! .i:f St:F'•y,_ .._ Z7' - �Y- +� -/ss ,a• ;c:_ i sea. f _. - �'4 tMr+ '��� Aar i Fes.-`:? .�,t•..r-. '/- ♦� ,y.•:'S'2����.rt�..?-.'+-'�3 �y„r-T�f'atk.�� ��l�S��•�/ s rn.ay t r_t a�i..�_y�'�4r L�,�.S.e T s���N�•..•Y•.'�f+a�")'iT ,a,�.."<ii"" -.r�•Z•!:t•.�h'".���'C='^�"'ir'lY�` >>��:3 '_sue� ,.r• � '.';s .� •,a., �-=�Y,_�a��'�-.T-Y�a?^.• �...r��'_ "F�'-: '`'-` 'µtr-. Yam' a •-Yti .a- -+r: 3.. �_ .�-tt.�`�i.�.�: �S''+`i'.'� '/''.`Ssi``•' r• ;-�5.e S-3. .ter LA t • ) - 'j/)I i�•t f l'r/ / .!/>- �Y.! , / /�..r Yee.••Z1 ..�sa �=r r..^+a` ''-1 a�.vr•n•' 4� -ig 4���'�ti �bwy3•`^�',at.�'?�4'r� it•.. j&F'�r'`'@� R 3 ` ��Sf?=�JfI l "�4% • /'i .Ii I •i�.�aa.-,�'��a.�i'+� � �",- , /r' IY I )r_/I_z/fa + R )• /1 s /. 6���'r�;'""i%``•°. tFi7 • /•♦,/a�.�a ?!�r ITT I.�; -- 7 - -ti �+ - -- `�: ,..,..i�.rt�r.__. ..i���L7iiaC�.t�Mi.��---•+r.�.��- _ J J w a . • Rv •:- '' -y .�s.�y'aL,. •fit""'t ..^ S ''��-a .,••a ram" .. 'e,..� n' �-�" -..�'�� .',�a�.y8,:..�-_' ^3.-+. y� r ,y .�? sue. '! � - • .. ;. xQ• r yP'Aa`14�isGy-,� �afiF �_ !- R - , � �._r- ..� �-. _�. __ -�ti' 'r=. �. ^.6 _ � .,.��e•••p=.b,,�,y�' -W 3 ,d:*, �}}RIB � - w�-"ay�� e� 1.- _. • is�.•�"-. :, � '.:" '. - - 'Y'2af-' ,-, •- - _ - ,-+ .t ter.-. it -:- ��"- � 'ems,. � :� � s �"`:�.-:,�,e��.'�'•;•','r-. '�`_��` � •• ` / •S, y!}. "1��`�f (�si_'fa.. �9�.t.sai ^na fir _ ��w. \ J{ p �' gib+.., it �• o f et_ y .1... .... --- '•tom-'•y - .ti._ � .... :;�.�. � z :%'�M 4 b ,�"a3Sc 'iyr+FwJ Zi Via,fety and acciddesrt pr�ueson,� t .a.- S ' botb peci�est�-zawand vQbfcul - {' " rzorltonc=erirs sobetreuer ieople gather to wor siopy or �ayr 7nsufftczent quantity or poorgu_aut - _4 YzTlum nation carrresult zn reduced , s� v:stbil:ty, a ma�vr factor zn accidents To ensure Ibat buzldirtgs and sur y� -oundzng areas meet nighttime safety requirementst tT a following poznts N should be takei 1 a consideratzom ~ � f 7 Brightness Visibility is affected directly by the brightness of .� building facades and the surrounding pavement. w -~ _ A poorly illuminated environment lacks sufficient • �= ,�' r +'s {_'� r- brightness and makes people and objects difficult to _ - see. Higher brightness lex-els impro�e the ability a, detect objects or recognize people. To pro%-ide a safe environment around a building. a minimum lighting �ta r �`• level is required. This lighting level will vary depending - 7 on the re(lectix-e properties of the building facade and J > - pavement. In some instances, higher levels of illumination m:n_- he necessary to enhance safety. .. .. - .3 ..-. �`'`(f -+� :♦ :� 1 f -�_'_ _ �'�TteT�"T•+'�+r^'R: .r�_r.... ��.�.� �+r �.�.�����r�..+_�. r��.__� Uniform Lighting__­ 7 T-1-MQ__nMes META r M m nT"n Glare Restrict= r }am! INOT ■hassle Uniformity Glare Visibility is impaired when the human eve has to adjust A visually safe environment must he free of excessive to varying levels of brightness and shadow. Accidents brightness or glare. which many people associate with often occur when the eve cannot adapt quickly enough `too much light." Glare from either a light source or from bright to dark surroundings or rice versa. reflected from a bright or glossy surface also affects safety Uniform lighting. achieved by design techniques that depending on the degree to a hick it is experienced. overlap light beams, is critical in the elimination of harsh For nighttime workers. glare may cause headaches and shadows around buildings and surrounding areas. This fati"Lle that can contribute indirectly- to accidents. or it makes the environment safer for pedestrians and drivers. may actually he disabling. directh causing accidents. Uniformity is also essential for maintenance workers or delivery personnel who need to perform their tasks at night. This is because the human eve is easily- fatigued when it must adapt continually to differing degrees of brightness and shadow. Fve fati"uv has been identified as a major component in accidents. ui Security eA 4 i:7 V• 7147 ,I�yttx, :t r�••��.,{.�_y'?ti f'`yy > f.2 irt''w'b rY .F .TfJL`.. �1 W '°=?fl.�"�l t 't• n.a�=( Lrry- ''i1'� `, �`� ,"�.r+`�A j - � .-. .•r..r•«t-S.l.•�_-TS r„-� �^ ,� ,;F •c�afr�,•, :rr'73-a�� .� ,* rnn�aga�ns``t#key pubtzc,tahe_sr. ,�� �, r7. -r+aG'� / '' .,,r..'.e yip.-.�{,, •��•ir•(i'/'- st'-��J' 7y's •k . 'ttJ"�,-��' �'�''.J�'°"� wt-'''13j Iiv.�s��l#r s`4- 37'��''a,,x'. ,t•,�; J•-/many fOr1nS �l�OfIL ifl�lil5tf�� S tr•ter'* ryyrYL rrrTj - rq 4i Yt�G�;�" vandalism, New.'the, t o cars .Stic�rh�#.•.-err' a�`.:.•a1•'r�`r T`� , nanwother paliiableesa;.attosrtiug�=ngs �n •i'S'nL.9 Y•r�+�l.N 4�3r�c. T'�1.,b� 4 7i4 �'Tom•''17� - r~'m0�'e,SerZO2lS aSSatl�S�f11tZStiCS, S, +�-} r�y� „'���S.a• 'S't� �`..r r�"aa•, t�•s�••'�.*'yry,...P:�^"'Y•�.'.�r�i,•.;'�4- .--'4'�`��'l�•'< _ •,+;;�.�c� ^e.�.,. ?1"'r t� ,z^'~a}' N �iF.Lw,tr-'F T•��� •a�R`S support wbat bas beer4 cbmmou.- �s ,sknowled e, �r ce uHes:crime I i��< '>.;,'�.'-ad.I r'"R-st�F�..r���.%+es�'le.w�.`r •Y'`•`f��'�" �.� ��'"- �'�'� - `r'more pr va7en`t at �•'. ,'ilnlz eQtb&.common aw1 guar 4C;�asi- measured such asssecscrjts, �.��-g•r7,F�y��F�r''•C".�'�3`t•'H`y;}l�,�.I��n+ ,mil* y_{�'`�.'r�"'^s sTt s'_?�'rr y.. �'L'(;� 4S...• C✓•r �<`'.� � is'-.I•I1�4�".a 1.:.L`` /'G-1y�T� xu ry�t`closed circuit teler�iszozrs•;:sensto�rs,;�:�-x �� ; ' �.o?N M `Cf - i. 4ti�i� s'�1 •5��'',r._ --'� '"a' � .rt4 or o..;� ��*,.�`.�,�X'�r�'Ss �M."�,�e'�• �.�,x �„�s*,,.' .,,,,:' Photo courtesy of ESTO Photos. and detectors,&Par ` s bzg b l visz e- x ..e.,w, < ZyT✓ �'• < 77 �t��pa7i'.�ryr.ra�' .:• l c IYtS p 71g det j'j-jtCeJn:.*.tsB asr x�tt�r l n `n 'tY^% 'r�'yO"rwl.r'F"'^hsla^sss'r ✓ ...�/v�.�, art .+•C- - v2iF.i y ��� 4> ��,.c'�-1 1 �llf�` �'�_,�'yl•,y l.y "\ •�iyr� r�"•-� F ' Sty?itteg calFy p�aytsttione �gbtiitg zs NMI.: ' L �.�.i K� 7 z/�•. �, oars'••°. _y1 .n1�nG.Yr ., ` yr i * Decrease syp yjo. sSF4a,�f` guard ;NpNen York 0 80 Vandalism - agairtstc�ri+m;ilnirals� bCfer to p� � �r , operate sisider- ie covex; ,f darl `Y 1_?�`}lr,� _ \\"ashington D.C. 8i Robbery to IICS, 7.T f�, rcess..I t � iht�n,�•!s unee�fedl ' s�T }'',,�e5`�!v�`tisf`�.tY�'' '� .c�s" T? y � •- ci zM„ Chicago 10 Car thefts }turned ou :sends a'clearsigna;s r y.,a,��:,p. w ,,, � h.r •a 1t• ''r•�JS �r4L: `�May> �'�d"71'�,c�fy �r�L ��.`.''13j'.t.`+S r Chicago 30 Bag Snatching at somelb:ng �. -.h y.. -ti.,.y ?K•--+Ti'`�.�•�ic{r '�• ;•�>' r: 1�� {�i"h'a'�l`�ty. �•�'�ir��� y�.f .•-gs�j'�rt,�)Y, •+� f+'�q?a�sf;'•' d .�.,�"{rt ,.: s 1i Commercial St. Loui c, ,, Burglaries .•.✓� 6►Y „'•�a�L r'"='. c i}re" g ::�:_ -.5. N.'-`i^'!�. %t✓fi,.Vl('•` reier'�ek-.,C r •w.+:-z .,r...t-+� r :,I ;r, 4..s Ji.'"=i,^yC-J•n-+'".-7'•` .�.};, t T `tyti. - London soA[[aCk _L*.'+C�e�•�� �'�M-^LN•► ,�hr �7��'Y� •�:"c'yi4'K'''r„f`� '�.�fi�•��rq'.'t,.i T *�Ya K� •~ .a "3�. r+f•7�"•r ,�cn rTT'• .-`urc4 t a. kr.:v .,, �,•4• r , "" I � rc....: �' 'r•`•T'^--r rf Fi! Securi/)'SlalisllCS inrcn-ious cities u•bere !be lighting was ,ty�r •_��•,i, .f S.. r• »`".. 'ram• `'Ir`'' I•la:r•ir t^ improved am u•sbon above. �. �w,l,i^'��`yti a > �'15� ..'�7. �rpY��•aL.4r�rT,:�.kT.:rt''iC,+'. •s . -a��'G�A\.,/r 4 W�1T �•\ yr�4 J! r L�G• �s�X. �7.irt��.I'^N�l(�r .Cl`"h�y �•,r �S�. s4� '� A .a �'�r;-•�'!arm,�,'�r!�'�,4�.'.+�i`:'��,t+.'+��''�.���;si's'Tlrh�•: �-G'�s:.>:���`�:�'�� ��: Recognition and Identification F t1 p. Detecfionof Obstacles I t i RestrictionGlare I 1 I a3 aa- r r i � r r'. ! ` alAds r !; ti v — gG!ii � aos loll o o 1215 3s st, Distance Lumirtaire to Face is Feet at. qq i r Facial recugailion distance t•cn -us semi-cylindrical IN I 1 iihtnrivation a ilhunt glcn-e.Solid line oit'es average sell,;-cylindrical illinnination tr•ithglare. Dashed liuegires semi-cylindrical illumination T: 17 — —' = tt•ili ola glare- . Identification For security reasons, it is important to be able to planes. semi-cylindrical illumination will provide the recognize the identity and intentions of other people. necessan- visual information for positive identification. Lighting around a building should permit mutual recognition before a face to face encounter. Even Glare more important is the abilit}' to deternmine the Glare reduces the effectiveness of lighting installed intention of another person -who may not be familiar. for security purposes. and it may cause people to feel Lighting should create a feeling of securit}- by uncomfortable. To minimize glare, special attention allowing sufficient visual information about an must be paid to the light distribution and the position approaching person from a reasonable distance. of luminaires around the building in relation to the Recommended minimum illumination levels enable people approaching a building. Typically. guards. positive identification of a face as either familiar or workers. and drivers -,v ould he adapted to a low strange at a distance of at least 30 feet. Because faces li,,,hting level which makes them particularly'sensitive are more like half cylinders as opposed to vertical to bright light sources. c = r= r Uti I it Seeing Conditions_ l rN Color Identification Uniform Lighting ' Sbzfiork sucj` at VC Adaptation ji - y2�Ot�t�n�51flg_Q>il��yfTlat_6tv' .�jyS = ` -i [ ` ` ' ` bandlinarkfn area attendance;y; , e v v-' A =i�"L�+4. S+s..,x7+- .� � ti"kr,�-`�^`•�' r r wand�ecu activitiestbemselue � �Y.] �..� �r.SS-�y xsr ,#`� r• .. ., „� v-yam. -, N's... .Y .:�.re. 4 •.�+-s:--'�'+.'�x+.r' .��. [Yzf"`�' r-4 z. '� --fir `yt ma, operate a3�ound�be cloek, . . � _ acl'ditzon'td�zmprovng$afely asides- ,����t ,,:t[�' �.� recur tyr around`uurt"s and a-... ��}:-�7•a * , Fl •t"��t_�r riaYix�•b ,rR't�� "^�'���r'F`c��`"'fx`'ffi,;�v t..:. . s:'1 a._►'9. ��t. 3rr k �'�rS.,F T��a�.j'�--•.. adjacent;areas;outi7oor lzgbtzng� "riiisals�o zllu»rtiiate areas wbere bsg_,-� ''a-'`iti"'sty ri "�5'u,>`Eaz rtype[[s�.�,.o,., tasyks need to be _t ,'� jperformedr fin:planning 7i9 tzrig, . 2� -x..�-�'.t i�• r�'�z°tea. �'y'i�"3'+�;`a s �:,�,� "� t� �_•�"t : _ uti , keep zn mind tbe,�'ohowzng S.h -:.y:i.. ''ri•! �yw' `o.ry Y 5�.. ��"Lle+- ry JS� i'�.a[s. ,,r.� �7�F f.C= �c,;•j,`�od t=�r�[.�i�.s�'�b 9yrc�k ka�`��'y��.aa�-����.:'� Y+^tf.�_' �nok' `4-.,tg 2`i •A, y'.-..a-i�.">ree,�`-;•"y..�.s'�>•- rci - -�c'�`rsz, +e= _e L•1.tiYJr.r�hXs:n.•-int'r+.r �,_T--"•r..r-- ht`ry �T,"' Now, `k'-�,+.Y'" '' .e'Jw�x-".` irf"'``r +6-ic •L-8�.rr• a,_�' Ica 4 - zib -,- S eeing Conditions -::y�T•-7 4t "`ry lit. �'�e': w�.c �' � CYK v� e. w _ w �+ .�- £�'�- �: `� }-�� �--,r-� � The nature of the work,whether it is a physical activity �ti� S such as loading or unloading materials,or a paper-related " task. dictate the optimum seeing conditions.The following 4 factors contribute to the seeing conditions: size, contrast and time. -::t � [z y.v � _,.�:�''�.,-�4•� �h`Ya+.,;�' '�S'kr.�"u'�i�1.. ..•i•.'�'' �'^,fYh'� }= The size of an object is the most obvious factor in how :tom n1"k ?� �- _ '`�ti% well it can be seen.Assuming lighting conditions remain c'''tc" �zi?.5•+tii Via+ ,aC y+Fi s -� ��,�:fir-. - .:'3aaz"�i,�. - s,��.S..nC- �s .;:r.r' :ib}'� a�.r.,,y *��,�y�e�� TA:�i. ��lr�if ,�• .+max' ,�� _k.. '.:C^`'' :1.�6'�asti..:�1. -�;t gF .T.',...-'!s.���•` �;9�=.i.-�r.i�''C �•� �.���_ .n.:.v �` '�l.�'Krr\:f'�.t,+. � iY-.ys 7+•^ ....:?' •� .�..,.,�:C�y[� �.+,e 7C 3 - .. �IQ'�.e..cr.'� "++.t^�i.'ar�'W�t..r'.t+c.�'3^...•w'�'.'�'��t�,t -��.'��'�',_. . Color Color quality- is composed of two distinct characteristics: color rendering and color impression. Color rendering. the expression of hon an artificial light renders the -true" color of an object. becomes important in tasks where identification of actual color is required. Light sources are rated according to the Color Rendering Index(CRI). In certain tasks performed adjacent to a building. such as loading, unloading. and various maintenance activities. �'- color identification can be important. Light sources with high color rendering are recommended to aid in recog- nition of specific colors on labels or packaging. On the other hand, a high CRI is not important for routine sun•eillance where the goal is sufficient illumination to detect potential security problems. Uniformity In situations where the eye must adapt quickly from bright light to dark or vice versa, it becomes easily fatigued. When this occurs, it may impair a persons ability to perform tasks effectively. In these situations, the same, large objects are generally easier to see uniformity in lighting is critical to eliminate harsh than small objects. For example. under the same shadows around buildings and surrounding areas. illumination, it is easier to recognize large print or a logo on a container than to read tent on paper. In the latter case. a higher level of illumination will be necessan-. Adaptation Contrast. or the relationship between an object and its background, plays an important role in visibility•. A highly when employees are exposed to glare, their vision is illuminated background contrasts strongly with objects in temporarily impaired until the eye adapts to the change. the foreground. making them less easily seen. A good In extreme cases of adaptation. for example. from a example is the luminance of the night sky which makes bright light source to complete darkness, it takes about large objects or buildings appear as dark silhouettes against 10 minutes to recover. This period exposes the the brighter background. Buildings or objects only become employee to the risk of accident or potential mischief. recognizable when illuminated from the front. Time is required for the eyes to adapt to differences in light levels R•hen movin.Lt from bright surroun,iin to d•lrk areas or the reverse. When work includes reading tasks under changing lighting conditions, the eve must adapt ,t ithin seconds. 11 Convenience AWM" V; a sue_ r• 7 �..� \.t `.� "" �. l r/5�yF -F�5*'•T`.!y,'� -"fie b`i`�.'+�, _ t -��=o�#i 1'�i - .xy ^4Y.r .*'' c+d•� ->:S--••�J��-,q�,�, .-a.cz �i�' a c��. �Ci a�?'fay �� �•? } 1 3.-ess��r�``„S-�',e,�.�-'�'�.:. '; 4zndingtbe ngbi' uildrn��-x�-��.��� M.W entrywasr readrng ssgnts,il , s iYY�a-u7 ��ay'�l'd' '=," K "Zocatzng-the car zn rbe park{ngTot } �T t --'��a.'l#base nor►nal activ�fes°u�o=ctd not=.�r,�d _ }:�:.'•yY�.y•�:�;1 u.,a adrr '� _ � -..,�I..'� •ram. -c �.-ec•vk"''.:-� sue"-�ti.^.(s.e .r: ,fit.. `sc- � s•Y .,��be nss�I�'.tvztT�out the sllismtratton�� - of buildzny com i xes and rdjacent f j ;areas at n:gba - 1��,�,� Y 1 O, c eC s, tndustt sa�buzldmg- _.` , ' suri-oundingareas-can-. e-enbanced ti 1'igbtzn to create ,focal poznt'an � a»iean�o -one ntation for visitors id, "fa'r3'_z t!' .r J�•..�,� • 9�.v r' y - i �y+•��w_�.i+•1--.�^V' � �.y'� jL' ��^e_�1'^•T7"f"Cc�i� �Yrt y�' t - � f �:,�1 ." .����{�1 t ij <7 it u t fi.J _5 • mnz#w �. t,. .; i F.-.'tsyYs"c 't - Color :�yrY���i. �7 1 4.1��L '�n _ �' g Buildin s and surroundin areas, including trees .:.y.�r�e'f �� NV+ {FY h��•4.�`'!?•.��3'i� �r F- 7 Ri r . and bushes. are more interesting When seen in their ��--s=Y:-�=2,.�' ,�',�.;"���" ��%•�'� :,,�-�,��,�,,�.,�- ; natural colors. Therefore, good color rendering is _ ;�- •-�_ __ _ :- �r -. .-- .�- � - - - important to create the desired ambience. Warm or :3 cool light sources can also be used to enhance the color of a building or adjacent area. Locating cars or direction signs in a parking lot often depends on being able to identify colon from a distance. ,;�,a,'-,�.:C S`.�,yt��u..�:r`.y� ��.:�r `-.i.•'�jl. it xyyT�• F'.'=' .�?'- $.::La�:ir'r l ;i'�" id.��'rc�' fi`'r%T:,,:�;}--{r :�f `�i,-, --;d-.•�!3'1,: Z;, .'�.7`"".�.yi.6.-�q�•�a �i Si .,.�"w.,';rr��e.,#.,:i'- '^��r��s�'{�'.� r�r�.w ...�N.i uv 5 � ?� 'Yr y'C74 L�`�yJt.+�. r �a�.�.ek���,+.b--'�•^' ,_Color:�ecognibon �-�_ UsualOrienta�tion �.. � 1 •^ t r l - r �'��'`' r•-,�; -.. •_ - - � � --- � PNILIP MORRIS •�- ...._.��` ` - ��{ � - T: � i �Fes•-q.- ..a - ��1- �• I,i•.q',Z'!a}-.�+ � `W L� J wL,�}- v.�r.I�t �•!1�`�'a ,d a �t O -����t•e. 1- _ 4W � _.i"'..' "#`�.`ai rT; _r l,,.f rr�" .-•.y�ja• f .s i• '.3'�. -.ski. w .�aa.a.+r• .'i {f�`�'►a:.ai-t��i.Wsid{,.<.�is'.{w:a.-V.' - .t'f I .. Visual • • Lighting aids the process of visual orientation, means bv which a space is perceived. particularly helpful to visitors area or • who finds even familiar routes illuminatedbe Sufficiently to be read from a moving r arc i vi v Prevention Tips Port worth Police Department CRIME PREVENTION TIPS . Auto Etching Calendar . Home Security . Tips On Safe Use of a Celluar Telephone . Cajacking Home Security This checklist was designed to assist you in making a security survey of your own home.The purpose of the survey is to identify security weaknesses of your home and daily routines around your home.These are things that make your home look inviting to the criminal. It should begin at the curb and end with the interior of the home. It should include house numbers, landscaping, doors, locks, strike plates, windows, indoor-outdoor lighting and its use,the garage and driveways. From the Curb 1.Are your house numbers visible from the street for emergency service such as police, fire, and ambulance? 2. Does the overall appearance of your home give criminals information about you and your family that would assist them in victimizing you—things such as a full mailbox, outdoor lighting on during the day, or the garage doors open with no cars present? 3. Are all fence gates padlocked to make it more difficult for strangers to enter your yard? Landscaping 1.Are your shrubs and trees trimmed to"open up the line of sight"of your home for your neighbors from several directions? 2.Are shrubs and trees trimmed to prohibit concealment of an intruder? Outdoor Lighting 1. Do you have only decorative lighting such as used in flower beds? 2. Do you have only entrancetexit lighting such as fronttrear door type lights? http://cLfort-worth.tx.us/fortworth/fwp&preventLhtm 12/7/98 {, .r - operated by an electric eye or timer, every night, all night, giving your Y 3. Do you have true security lighting horse a perimeter of light around it? External Doors 1.Are all external doors either metal, solid wood, solid wood frame, or at least solid core constrUCtion? 2. Are door frames strong and tight enough to withstand some degree of force? 3.Are doors with outside exposed hinges pinned to prevent easy removal from outside? 4.Are all external doors equipped with"good~ dead bolt locks which have at least a one4nch throw? wo-by-four 5.Are the strike plates installed with three-to-four inch screws which are anchored well into the t inch stud behind the door frame? 6.Are glass sliding doors pinned to prevent being forced open? Is the upper track secured with large pan head screws to Prevent lifting? flush bolts at the top and bottom edge of the inactive or secondary 7.Are French or double doors fitted with door? 8. Is there a door leading from the garage to the interior of the home, and if so, is it equally secure as an external door? Windows 1. Are wooden windows"pinned" on both sides,from the inside? 2. Are aluminum windows fitted with Secondary locking devices, easily removed, in Case of fine? 3. Is shrubbery trimmed away from the outside of the windows to prohibit concealment of an intruder? Garage Doors 1 Are overhead garage doors fitted with an interior locking device, blocking the track, as well as an outside locking device? 2. Do windows in the garage door prohibit viewing the interior of the garage from the outside by use of curtains or film? 3. Is the garage door kept down and locked at all times? Id never be substituted for good lodes When considering an alarm, Alarms offer additional security, but shoo Insist on a written proposal and a copy of the you should have several companies, your needs on s re through the Better Business contract you will need to sign. Before signing, check the company' t recommendations for any Bureau.Employees of the police department are Prohibited from making any specific alarm Company- operation Identification Usingan electric engraver, deeply engrave your Texas Drivers License number on the t�Of all be Ched�anc at ravers are inexpensive and if not purchased, electronics, bicycles,tools, etc. These engravers a local library. 12/7/98 http://CLfort-worth.tx.us/fortworth/f-vP&PrelentLhtm Fes.. �. � c •t ..._....... The things you own 0 ver a quarter of all recorded crimes are car thefts or thefts from cars - like stereos n mobile phones.It's a problem that affects us all no matter where we live. It dive Police time and can have serious and sometimes fatal consequences. Keeping your car safe If your car is stolen or broken into, it could mean weeks of expensive inconvenience- anionaing your no-claims bonus. It may be difficult to protect your car from a determined, profess thief, but most car crime is opportunist and you can put them off with vigilance and relatively e wise after the event—take the following tips to turn the tide cheap security precautions. Don't b against car crime. Basics (Never leave a car door unlocked or a window or sun-roof open— even when just going into a shop for a moment or two. IDon't leave any belongings in your car. A thief won't know that a bag or coat doesn't contain something valuable and might break a window to get at ith you, never leave things on display - lock them it. If you can't take them w R' in the boot. I5ecurity mark your stereo and if it's removable, always take it with you. Make a note of the serial number and keep it in a safe place. IDon't leave credit cards or cheque books in the glove compartment. I in 5 stolen cheque and credit cards are taken from cars. (Never leave your vehicle documents in the car-they could help a thief to sell it. IRemove the ignition key and engage the steering lock- even when parking in your own driveway or garage- and don't forget to lock the garage door. lAlways try to park in a well-lit, open location. ArgosyNet-News Page 1 of 2 Oct. 31 1996 Mt A Student Assaulted on Campus By Megan Venner On Saturday, October 27 at 3 A.M., a female student was assaulted on the Mount Allison campus. The perpetrators are still at large and are not believed to be students. The following is a verbatim interview with Charlie Hunter, Dean of Students: (Net Editors note: The bold type are Megan's questions, regular type is Charlie's answers When exactly did the the assault occur and what was the sequence of events following the incident? The incident occurred at approximately 3:00 A.M. old time on Sunday, October 27th. The female student notified a male student friend of hers. They called the police and the police took them to the hospital. Was the assault of a sexual nature? The assault appears to have had some sexual overtones including some groping. What injuries were incurred? Injuries included significant bruising to the face, shoulders, and back. What is being done at present? An investigation is being conducted by the police with the cooperation and collaboration of the University. Students, faculty and staff have been notified of the incident; as full of a description of the two perpetrators as we have has been circulated with a request for anyone who may have seen them to contact the police at 536-0830, and members of the community have been urged to take every reasonable safety precaution including not walking around alone. The availability of the Walkhome program has been re-emphasised. Support is being provided to the female student. Residence Dons have met to discuss the issue with a view to encouraging students to take personal safety precautions. Will the incident be going through University channels or town? Both- The matter is being investigated by the police. The University is assisting the police in any way possible. Once the assailants have been apprehended, they will be subject to appropriate actions by the University. If they are students,they will face University judicial action in addition to any action by the courts of the land. If they are non-students (and it is believed they are), they will be banned from campus in addition to any action by the courts of the land. What services are available to students in this situation? Non-University support that is available and which has been offered in this case includes the medical http://argosy.mta.ca/argosy/103196/news/ 12/7/98 ArgosyNet-News rage t or.4 services of local medical staff and the hospital, police concern and investigation,the services of a member of a Victim Support Services in Moncton who arrived very quickly in the early morning hours of Sunday,,and crisis counselling. University support services include the support and understanding of students, faculty and staff in the University community,the willingness and helpfulness of residence staff personal and spiritual counselling of Student Services, the support of the Sexual Harassment Advisor and the Walkhome programme. What precautions are being taken by the University to prevent further incidents of this nature? In addition to the short term measures I have already mentioned, the University is keen to react in an appropriate manner to the incident. We are working with the police to apprehend the perpetrators. As soon as all the facts are known,the University will take appropriate means to try to prevent any future incident. Residence Dons have indicated willingness to participate in a programme similar to Neighbourhood Watch through which emergency access to Dons' apartments would be advertised to / students more than at present. When all the facts are known, a decision on the possibility of extra lighting or more security patrols will be considered. Students are being urged to be appropriately cautious when they are out and about on campus or off and when they are thinking of letting strangers into buildings or of propping open doors. Have the perpetrators been caught? Not at this time. At least one student has, however, come forward with helpful information. Again, anyone who saw at any time on the weekend or who has any information about two individuals fitting the following description is asked to contact the police at 536-0830. One is described as being about 6 feet tall and thin, possibly with very short hair. He was wearing a light blue denim jean jacket and denim jean pants of the same colour. The other is shorter with broader, heavier set shoulders and was wearing a black baseball cap and possibly a dark jacket. The SAC has taken the initiative to attempt to evaluate and improve security on campus. The issue was on the agenda for this year,but the recent incident has pushed it into the limelight. Brad Proctor claimed they want to "rectify problems we do have before something like this happens again. Back to News Index http://argosy.mta.ca/argosy/103196/news/ 12/7/98 Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions Secure Stations Scheme Manage and Design to Cut Down Crime Summary: Government research shows that passengers on public transport are most concerned when waiting at stations. To combat this, the Government, British Transport Police and Crime Concern have launched the Secure Stations Scheme which encourages Britain's rail companies to improve security at stations and to reassure customers of their commitment to passenger safety. The national scheme covers all overground and underground rail stations (across England, Scotland and Wales) which are policed by the British Transport Police (BTP). It has established national standards of good practice in security and accredits individual stations which have worked with the BTP and other local partners to implement a package of security measures. These include the following- Desi • Good lighting and secure fencing in station, car parks and approaches • Up-to-date information and clear signs • Clear lines of vision Management: • Security staff presence / CCTV surveillance • Rapid response in emergencies • Regular inspection and maintenance • Special training for staff to deal with conflict and emergencies They also have to conduct an indUendent passenger survey to see whether passengers actually feel safe at the stations and provide evidence of low crime rates over a sustained period. Application Procedure: An application form and further information is available from: Mobility Unit Department of the Environment, Transport & the Regions Zone 1/11 Great Minster House 76 Marsham Street London SW1P 4DR 0171 271 5262 (w/c 26/5/98 : 0171 890 6101) mu detr@gtnet. og v.uk Timetable: • Glenda Jackson, the Transport Minister, launched the scheme at Liverpool Street Station in London on 27th April 1998 (along with the British Transport Police and Crime Concern) • The first national station accreditation will be announced during the summer of 1998 and will be tied in with regional media events. For further press details please contact: DETR Press Office, Eland House, Bressenden Place, London, SKE 5DU. Tel: 0171 890 4681 BEST PRACTICE ACROSS BRITAIN Many train operating companies have already taken the initiative to improve security and passenger safety at stations. These include: • Chiltern Railways • CCTV monitoring at stations and car parks • Improved lighting • Security staff at commuter stations between lam and lOpm Monday to Friday • Secure fencing Sarah Cruz, Key Communications, on 0171 580 0222 • Connew South Eastern • CCTV monitoring at stations • Clear lines of vision and security mirrors in subways, on platforms and station approaches • Good lighting and secure railing • Dedicated help points in public telephones on platforms (trial scheme) • Staff training to deal with conflict and emergencies • Security officer patrols • Work in close co-operation with police and local communities David Ewart, Connex South Eastern, on 0171 620 5080 • LTS "Operation Safeguard" (Fenchurch Street line) • Security guards at stations and mobile patrols • Security patrols at station car parks • Crime prevention officer and station staff co-operate closely with the police and local communities • Improved fighting and fencing • CCTV monitoring at stations • Help points are being introduced on all ststion platforms Les Powell, LTS Press Office, on 01702 357810 • London Underground • Clear and up-to-date travel and local area information • Emergency and information help points at stations • Improved lighting • Mirrors to give clear line of vision • Staffed stations throughout opening hours k Mark Chapman/Kim Huggins, LT Press Office, on 0171 918 327613271 • Manchester Metrolink • CCTV on every platform linked to control room which is monitored during opening hours • Dedicated police patrol unit • Good lighting and secure fencing • Passenger emergency call point on all platforms (direct to member of staff) Alison Vesey, Metrolink Marketing Manager, on 0161 205 8665 • Mersey Rail • CCTV monitoring on stations linked to 24 hour control centre • Rapid response and covert security guards • Station lighting improvements James Wood, Mersey Travel Press Office, on 0151 330 1054 • ScotRail (Strathclyde and East Scotland) • CCTV monitoring at 13 stations and car parks linked to staffed control centres. To be extended to a further 31 sites soon. • Information and emergency help points on platforms (monitored by CCTV) and linked to staffed control centre for immediate response • Control centres have direct link to the British Transport Police Eddie Toal, ScotRail Press Office, on 0141 335 4788 • South West Trains • Help points (linked to 24 hour control centre) at 176 stations by October CCTV monitoring at stations • Cutting back vegetation • Improved lighting • Security patrols at Richmond, Clapham and Wimbledon Alison Flynn, SW Trains Press Office, oil 0171 620 5229 • Tyne& Wear Metro • Alarm and enquiry points at all stations by October • CCTV monitoring at all stations linked to 24 hour control centre • Employ extra staff to provide assistance to passengers • Play classical music at their stations (ongoing at 5 stations) • Upgraded lighting at all stations • Youth workers to work with children who loiter at stations Martin Fearney, Nexus Press Office, on 0191 203 3232 Government Research Findings Perceptions of Safety from Crime on Public Transport • Public transport users feel least safe when they are waiting for services 0 Twenty two per cent of respondents said that they would make more journeys by public transport if security measures were introduced. Forty per cent of the extra journeys would be for social purposes and in the evening Measures to improve personal safety would result overall in a eleven per cent increase in trips by public transport • Respondents rated the following as the most effective safety measures at train and underground stations: 4;; Good lightPstaf Presence iii) CCTV to provide surveillance • CCTV should be high visible to reassure passengers as well as to deter potential criminals. Publicity should highlight that the CCTV is monitored and is linked to someone who can provide help • Staff should wear uniforms which stand out and they should be out in the stations to reassure the public by their presence Good quality information in stations was felt to be essential to help plan safe journeys(e.g. up-to-date information on service departures and interconnecting services) • Help points in train stations were widely regarded as an effective and important measure for personal security when there is a immediate response if activated Two guideline documents have been produced as a result of this research and are available from: Mobility Unit Department of the Environment,Transport& the Regions Zone 1/11 Great Minster House 76 Marsham Street London SW 1P 4DR 0171 271 5262 (w/c 26/5/98 : 0171 890 6101) mu.detr@.znet.gov.uk Published 27 April 1998 View DETR Press Releases --- ----------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Return to Railways Index ---- ------------------------------ Return to DETR Home Page rage i or a MENU TITLE: Crime Prevention Through Environmental . Design and Community Policing .Series: NIJ Research in Action /�OV Published: August 1996 10 pages 18,758 bytes --------------------------------------- National Institute of Justice Research in Action Jeremy Travis, Director August 1996 Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design and Community Policing by Dan Fleissner and Fred Heinzelmann, Ph.D. Highlights Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (OPTED) and community policing can be viewed as part of a comprehensive crime prevention strategy. CPTED and community policing emphasize a problem- solving approach to crime prevention as well as close cooperation between police and residents in reducing both crime and fear of crime. Because CPTED emphasizes the systematic analysis of crime in a particular location, it directly supports community policing by providing crime prevention strategies tailored to solve specific problems. Police, citizens, and government have a role to play in preventing crime under the CPTED/community policing approach: o Police involvement within neighborhoods can include both foot patrol and working with community groups to strengthen citizens` sense of security and solve neighborhood problems that contribute to crime and fear of crime. c Residents can work together to improve neighborhood appearance and deter criminals. o Government can use building codes and inspection power to increase environmental security and discourage drug use and other criminal activities. ---------------------------------------------------- Crime prevention today benefits from two strategies for protecting neighborhoods from crime and the f-ear of crime--Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and community policing. CPTED programs, through design and management of the physical environment of buildings, residential neighborhoods, and business areas, increase public safety and reduce fear of crime. Community policing programs, by making httpJ/www.ncjrs.org/txtfles/crimepre.w 12n/98 Page 2 of 8 police more visible and familiar to the people and with the physical environment of their beats, reinforce these efforts and promote police-citizen .partnerships to prevent crime and disorder. This Research in Action suggests several ways in which CPTED and community policing initiatives can be coordinated and integrated in a comprehensive approach to community security. Basic principles of CPTED include target hardening (controlling access to neighborhoods and buildings and conducting surveillance on specific areas to reduce opportunities for crime to occur) and territorial reinforcement (increasing the sense of security in settings where people live and work through activities that encourage informal control of the environment) . Most community policing models include the decentralization of police services, the collaboration of police departments with other city agencies (such as parks or utility departments) to resolve problems, and regular police-citizen dialog about perceived problems. Historical overview Over the past 20 years, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) has been sponsoring crime prevention research focusing on ways to make neighborhoods safer, using environmental design, police-community problem solving, block watch, and other neighborhood-based strategies common to CPTED and community policing. During the 1970s, NIJ pioneered studies demonstrating that the proper design and effective management of a physical environment can control and even prevent crime. [1,2] During this t1me, NIJ initiated research on foot patrol, which had been virtually abandoned because it was considered too costly and less effective than mobile patrols and more likely to promote the type of corruption that characterized the political-era style of policing (see "Three Eras of Policing") . Nevertheless, foot patrol experiments indicated that this model lessened a community's fear of crime and improved a community's perception of the police in general. [3] NIJ researchers have also examined the settings in which crimes were committed. Blighted and rundown neighborhoods invite civil disorder and crime and lead to a general fear of crime, according to the "broken windows" theory espoused by George Kelling and James Q. Wilson in 1982. This fear, often unrelated to the actual level of crime or risk of becoming a victim, then becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy as residents withdraw into their homes, abandon their neighborhoods, and become passive concerning their community's plight. [4] The law enforcement response to this situation. has been to conduct joint police-community efforts to Clean up decayed neighborhoods, such as organizing httpJ/www.ncjrs.org/wfiles/crimepre.txt 12n198 rage i of 6 graffiti paint-outs, removing abandoned vehicles, anal installing adequate lighting around homes and businesses. Whether labeled CPTED or community .policing,` these problem-solving efforts help reduce the fear of crime and increase a community's sense of control. Other responses include block watch programs, which began in Seattle over 20 years ago and have now become citywide citizen efforts in business and residential areas alike. Experience in such programs has shown that such joint activities, which build trust and cooperation between police and neighborhood residents, form the foundation for further partnerships to promote problem solving and increase residents' control of their neighborhoods. ---------------------------------------- Three Eras of Policing The 19th and 20th centuries saw three specific: periods of policing: the political era, the professional era, and the community policing era. [5]. Prior to 1900, the police were controlled by local politicians. This period of policing, known as the political era, had its strengths. The police were familiar with their neighborhoods and maintained order in them. However, this period was also characterized by abuse of immigrants' civil rights and was marked by widespread corruption. In the professional era (1900-1970) , the police relied heavily on new technology, such as radios, 911 emergency telephone systems, and automobile patrols to respond to calls for help from citizens. This is a period when police dealt only with crime; other community problems were seen as the responsibility of other city agencies. In the 1970s, the beginning of the community policing era, police departments began to address some of the problems that had developed under the professional-era style of policing. The reactive, rapid response to all 911 calls--regardless of their urgency--was viewed as a poor use of resources because it allowed too little time for indepth investigations. In addition, the passive role of citizens had resulted in the loss of police ties with the people who typically had the information needed to solve crimes. In the late 1970s, researchers saw the need :for a problem-solving approach to crime prevention. One researcher's structured and systematic step-by-step process attempted to find the underlying causes of crime by identifying situations that generated many calls for service to police or other governmental agencies. [6] --------------------------------------------- Partnerships key to CPTED and community policing http://www.ncjrs.org/tctfiles/criinepre.txt 12/7/98 Page 4 of 8 The Community Policing Consortium Project--a project initiated by the Bureau of Justice Assistance and continued by the Office of Community,--oriented Policing Services that involved the International Association of Chiefs of Police, the National Sheriffs' Association, the Police Executive Research Forum, the National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives, and the Police Foundation--recently underscored community partnerships and problem-solving processes as the two core components of community policing. (71 Both CPTED and community policing rely on partnerships with community, government, educational, and social agencies in order to implement crime prevention strategies. Both programs also use the SARA problem-solving model as a key part of their approach. The Newport News, Police Department, under the sponsorship of NI.J and the Police Executive Research Forum, created this four-step model: [8] o Scanning--identify the problem. o Analysis--study the problem and identify possible solutions. o Response--implement a custom-designed response. o Assessment--evaluate the action taken. This problem-solving model provides an easy and understandable framework for developing the broad partnerships necessary for CPTED and community policing initiatives to succeed. Decisions regarding the use and management of the physical environment can have an even broader effect on security throughout a neighborhood. For example, environmental strategies that are designed to reduce crime and fear (such as closing drug houses and using traffic diversion and control to promote neighborhood cohesion) can also increase informal social control and enhance the quality of neighborhood life. [9] In Hartford, Connecticut, police and community residents used a comprehensive CPTED/community policing strategy that gave back to residents control over their neighborhood (see "CPTED and Community Policing in Hartford") . Another example concerns enhancing security in a public housing development by reducing the number of families using a specific building entrance. This action increased residents' sense of responsibility for controlling who entered their building. What police and residents can do Thus, police agencies, community residents, and local officials all have roles to play in implementing a comprehensive CPTED/community policing strategy to promote public safety in private neighborhoods, business areas, and public http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/crimepre.txt 12/7/98 rage Doi6 housing. [10] Police can: o Conduct security surveys for residents and provide security improvements such as adequate lighting and locks. o Conduct park patrols and patrols of other public spaces to eliminate crime and drug use. o Use their substations to inform residents of high-risk locations in the neighborhood. o Work with urban planners and architects to review the designs and plans in order to enhance community security. o Prepare educational materials for building owners and managers to deal with problem tenants and enhance the livability and security of rental units. These materials are useful because they address not only the manner in which the physical environment is designed but also how the environment can be managed more effectively to enhance public safety. o Control traffic flow to reduce the use of streets by criminals and enhance neighborhood cohesion and resident interaction. Streets can be closed or traffic diverted to create residential enclaves that give residents greater control of their living environment. Residents can improve their neighborhoods by: o Engaging in cleanup programs to remove trash or graffiti. o Carrying out programs to improve the appearance, safety, and use of public spaces. o Conducting their own patrols to identify neighborhood problems. o Joining an organized block watch program. Specific crime prevention activities Security in parks. Parks can be refurbished, lighting installed, and opening and closing times scheduled to improve security. Adopt-a-park programs can be used to involve residents in cleaning up trash and litter and providing information to police about illegal activities being carried out in recreational areas. Recreational events can be scheduled to increase the community's informal social control of these places. Building regulations. Local governments can be encouraged to use building codes as well as inspection and enforcement powers to increase http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/crimepre.txt 12/7/98 Page 6 of 8 environmental security. The owners of deteriorated or abandoned buildings can be required to repair, secure, or demolish them. Provisions related to .security Can also be incorporated into the city building code. These provisions include target hardening tactics (e.g., locks, strengthening of doors, and lighting) as well as security standards for the design of the structure and site. Civil remedies. Civil actions can be used against building owners or tenants to control criminal activity or the inappropriate use of property. These actions may include the following: o Obtaining title to abandoned property by community improvement associations. o Using nuisance abatement along with inspections by public works, building, fire, housing, or utility authorities to control criminal behavior or drug use in specific buildings or settings. o Encouraging model leases to control illegal activities of tenants. o Enforcing liquor laws to control violence and disorderly behavior around bars or liquor stores (especially at closing times) . o Using anti-trespassing laws to control unwanted loitering. Trends One general trend has been for CPTED and community policing strategies to reinforce each other as they focus on comprehensive problem solving, the promotion of working relationships with the community, and the development of education and orientation programs that can assist residential and business groups as they address specific neighborhood problems--especially those dealing with crime and the environment. The development of these initiatives affects various factors such as the level of communication and cooperation among police, city staff, and residents; the type, amount, and use of community education and orientation programs; and the methods by which crime prevention programs are described, measured, and evaluated. Currently, these factors apply more to law enforcement agencies because modifying a community policing model may require changes of significant magnitude. However, as CPTED evolves, its extension from just looking at the manmade environment to looking at how the natural setting is used and managed will also entail significant change for other public agencies involved in promoting safer and more livable communities. Although community policing seems to be producing positive results and offers a promising new httpJ/www.ncjrs.org/wfiles/crhnepre.txt 12n/98 rage i of is approach, rigorous monitoring and evaluation over the long term are needed to determine its effectiveness and economic advantages. Moreover, questionsk about the optimum conditions for influencing the design and management of the physical environment and barriers to the use of CPTED remain pertinent. Another question that needs additional study is how best to institutionalize CPTED for private as well as public development (e.g., as part of building codes) - CPTED and community policing together offer comprehensive approaches that hold promise for effectively solving problems of crime and crime prevention. ------------------------------------------------- CPTED and Community Policing in Hartford NIJ research in Hartford, Connecticut, provides a useful demonstration of a comprehensive CPTED/community policing approach to neighborhood crime prevention. This program successfully incorporated resident initiatives, CPTED (in the form of traffic diversion and the development of neighborhood enclaves) , and community policing. CPTED strategies were also / critical in helping residents gain more control V over their neighborhood. (111 These included a focus on citizen patrols, increased lighting, greater control of juvenile activities, and the use of cleanup campaigns to enhance the quality of neighborhood life. These efforts influenced the residents' use of their neighborhood and the level of interaction and social control exercised by citizens in that setting. --------------------------------------------------- Notes [1] Heinzelmann, F., 1981, "Crime Prevention and the Physical Environment, " In D. Lewis (ed.) Reactions to Crime, Beverly Hills, California: Sage. [2] Crowe, T., 1991, Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: Applications of Architectural Design and Space Management Concepts, Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. See also Gardiner, R., 1982, Design for Safe Neighborhoods, Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Justice. Also Wallis, A., and D. Ford, 1980, Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: An Operational Handbook, Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Justice. (3] Kelling, G., et al., 1981, "The Newark Foot Patrol Experiment, " Washington, D.C. : Police Foundation. [4] Wilson, J.Q., and G. Kelling, 1982, "Broken Windows, " The Atlantic Monthly, March. (5] Kelling, G., and M. Moore, 1988, "The Evolving http://www.ncjrs.org/bdffies/crimepre.txt 12/7/98 Page 8 of 8 Strategy of Policing, Perspectives on Policing, " U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice. [6] Goldstein, H. , 1979, "Improving Policing: A Problem-Oriented Approach, " Crime and Delinquency, 25:236-258. [7] Understanding Community Policing: A Framework for Action, 1994, U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance. [8] Eck, J., and W. Spelman, 1987, "Problem Solving: Problem-Oriented Policing in Newport News, " Police Executive Research Forum (also reported in the NIJ Research in Brief "Problem- Oriented Policing, " Spelman and Eck, January 1987) . [9] Greenberg, S. , et al. , 1985, Informal Citizen Action and Crime Prevention at the Neighborhood Level, Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Justice. [10] Titus, R., 1994, "Crime Prevention through Environmental Design at the National Institute of Justice, " Administrative Report, U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice. [11] Fowler, F., and T. Mangione, 1982, Neighborhood Crime, Fear and Social Control, Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Justice. ------------------------------------------------- Dan Fleissner is manager of Community Policing Research and Grants Management for the Seattle Police Department. Fred Heinzelmann, Ph.D., was a staff member (1970-1994) of the National Institute of Justice, where he served as director of the Crime Prevention and Enforcement Division. This study was.- performed under NIJ grant 91-IJ-CX- K022, awarded to the American Institute of Architects. Findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. NCJ 157308 The National Institute of Justice is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Office for Victims of Crime.❑ http://www.ncjrs.org/bctffles/crfinepre.txt 12n198 Secure Premises rage i or 3 R New Jersey Lawyer Newspaper Volume 5, Number 9 February 26, 1996 John W. Kennish, CPP - Security Consultant 62 East Pond Meadow Road Westbrook, Connecticut 06498 USA (860) 399-8545 John@Kennish.com © 1997 John W. Kennish, CCP Personal Injury /Litigation Support Guarding Against Premise Security Claims 'While no single safeguard will build a total barrier against crime, reasonable efforts directed toward specific locations, environments, and risks can be very effective in deterring criminal acts." A premise security civil lawsuit often involves a claim against the owner of a property. The plaintiff usually contends that security measures in place at the time of an incident were inadequate and, as a result, did not protect the plaintiff, who is usually classified as an invitee, or business invitee, from a criminal act and resulting injury or damage. Such litigation often follows a tragedy which may have been preventable. For example, this could involve a criminal attack against the customer of an automatic teller machine (ATM) that is on-premises, in a vestibule or foyer, or off-premise, or an attack on a night depository commercial customer. These are realistic and predictable threats since criminals may identify ATM or night depository customer operations as a weak link in a bank's total security program. Similar inadequate security issues can be raised in other environments such as shopping malls, the college campus, high schools,theme parks, medical centers, commercial buildings, parking lots,restaurants, taverns, apartment buildings, common or public carriers, convenience and other retail establishments, arcades, motels and hotels, and service stations. And while each environment is unique, the security principles are the same, whether representation if for the plaintiff, or defense. The variables of premise security will be explored by using ATM or night depository customers as examples. Litigation Principle In general, the owner of a property is responsible for any foreseeable event that involves third party conduct on the property. This scope of legal duty and responsibility to protect patrons has grown in recent years with an increased expectation on the part of the public for improved levels of security and safety, and for the accountability of property owners to provide adequate security for hazardous httpJ/kennish.com/securepremise/ 12/7/98 Secure Premises Page l of environments. Following a criminal act, a victim may be able to recover civil damages due to negligence if it can be shown that: . The defendant, had a duty to meet to assure a certain level of standard to protect customers who were invited onto the property to conduct their business, from unreasonable risks. . The defendant failed to conform to that standard of security, thereby breaching its duty to protect. . The breach of duty, in turn, actually caused the victim's injury, or can be linked closely to the event and resulting negative consequences. . The victim suffered an actual injury or damage as a result of this condition of inadequate security. Foreseeability A critical element in assigning fault in such a suit involves the determination offoreseeability. Just how reasonable was it to expect that a crime of this nature could have occurred ? The principles of foreseeability vary considerably by state, community, and neighborhood depending on legal protocol, demographics and criminal intensity. Standards for care also vary by organization, but are similar in like organizations. For example, the standard of care for an armored car operation would be significantly different than the security standard among fast food restaurants, motels, apartment houses and night clubs. However, within each of those types of organizations, the standard of care should be consistent. In some instances, this standard may be defined by legislation, compliance mandate, corporate policy, industry association, or government agency. The appraisal of standard usually takes one of two directions. The first is to measure the probability for such a future occurrence based upon previous cases in which the owner had specific knowledge about possible crimes of the same nature. In other states,the test more likely is based upon a statistical likelihood that such a crime could have occurred due to an evaluation of an expanded area. The trend in the courts is toward this second philosophy and increasingly measures the "totality" of the environment to include a radius into the neighborhood surrounding the crime location. This approach also increasingly charges owners with the responsibility for taking the initiative to learn about criminal activities in the area of their properties. Evaluation Data Such data can be obtained by analyzing records of calls to the police into specific geographical areas. It may also be available from other governmental agencies or private firms. Such an analysis will establish patterns and, in turn, the foreseeability of future crime. With the objective of identifying a "window of expectation of crime," this data can be studied to establish the month, day of the week, time of day, location, intensity, and specific types of criminal events in relation to one another. The result can be used to compare the event in question with crime patterns to support or deny a contention of foreseeability. There is also a question of inherent risk which might reasonably be expected to be present in a secluded stairwell, isolated parking garage, motel room, elevator, or a darkened college campus or http://kennish.com/securepremise/ 12/7/98 rage � ul� -Secure Premises below-level parking lot. Adequate Security Only a jury can define or determine what is reasonable or adequate for any set of circumstances. Given a different sets of facts for each case, a unique jury, different lawyers, and the possibility of negative or positive bias -- each test will turn out differently. However, if there is evidence to establish that the crime was reasonably foreseeable in nature, the owner of the property must be able to show what actions and steps were taken to reduce the risk for such future criminal acts. An effective security program requires a systems approach. This means that while no one variable in and of itself may attain the desired result, several can coordinate to attain the desired result. Generally, these efforts should include administrative controls, proper facility designs with security and customer safety issues as objectives, effective equipment combinations and applications, and the use of security personnel when warranted. All of these protective efforts should overlap and compliment one another. Risk Analysis A risk analysis will measure a crime's potential to occur and its severity, and determine the need for an effective protective program. This need can be fulfilled by a professional in-house security staff, an objective and experienced professional security consultant, or by the crime prevention unit of the local police department at no cost. Even though corporate security or an outside consultant may be used in the survey role, law enforcement should also be involved to provide information on criminal history and trends in the area. Although there is no right or wrong formula, the study should cover the previous two years and a radius of one mile around the facility under study. A survey of similar businesses in the area, around the state,or nationally may develop additional information. It's important to participation in professional organizations and law enforcement liaison efforts that share information on security programs. Commercial security companies are also an excellent source of information. Susceptible organizations should collect, monitor and evaluate their own loss data very closely. They should develop a policy that requires certain types of security-related information to be reported to a specified central location immediately. A clear real-time picture is needed to accurately identify risk and, in turn, to justify and develop an effective security program. This risk survey process should be repeated periodically to assure that the protective program continues to be adequate and current with changes in that environment. The survey process should be repeated immediately if there are significant new criminal problems occurring in the area, annually if the facility qualifies as a higher risk location, or biannually at all lower risk locations. Such surveys should be divided into two parts. First,the location should be visited unannounced at night when the highest levels of risk are present. In banking, for example, this is when concealment opportunities can best be identified, such as bank vehicles left parked in close proximity to ATMs, along with lighting systems that might not be in proper operating order, shrubs that have been allowed to grow to large, etcetera. To be effective, the survey taker should take on the imaginary roles of a customer, and a prospective attacker. The facility can then be visited during normal business hours to interview employees and walls around the property. httpJ/kennish.com/securepremise/ 12/7/98 Secure Premises Page 4 of 5 Security Manager If the owner designates an employee as the security manager, that person should document the findings of these evaluation efforts and all recommendations made to senior management. The company owner should take a proactive role and document all associated efforts by maintaining complete records of all security efforts from planning to customer educational efforts. While it is the role of senior management or the owner to decide what security measures are appropriate for each facility, it is within the role of the security manager to recommend the measures that are needed. And whether or not these recommendations are approved, records should be kept to support the fact that the owner was meeting his responsibilities in this area. Even a good security program carries no guarantee that a problem will not occur at some point. The objective here is to assure that when called upon to prove that the owner did attempt to take reasonable and prudent steps to avoid the situation at hand, this effort can be supported with adequate documentation. Property Line With a risk survey completed, the outermost ring of protection and concern begins at the property line. The owner should closely evaluate the risks associated with adjoining properties or buildings, alleys, grounds, parking lots and walkway areas. Of special concern should be concealment opportunities from which an attack could be launched, such as parked vehicles, trash containers, trees, shrubs and wooded areas, embankments, utility units, indented doorways, fencing not designed with security as an objective, and areas where trees block lighting. Site-Specific Risks Security efforts for each property vary depending upon the risk site-specific risks. There is no blanket approach. Each site must be judged closely to assure cost and risk control effectiveness. In the bank example, some of these protective variables might include adequate levels of night lighting around outdoor and foyer locations, the parking lots and interior portions of buildings where customers may be expected to be during their use of the ATM or night depository; signs to advise against trespassing, noncustomer parking, and other restricted activities that should then be bolstered by an effective enforcement program; fencing and barriers to restrict unwanted access from adjoining property areas; a closed circuit television system; an emergency notification system; and possibly some form of police or security personnel during and after normal business hours. The owner can request special police patrols or, in a small community, can consider contracting with the police or sheriff for extra and random patrols during nonbusiness periods. In larger communities, a commercial security firm"roving patrol" can be hired, or banks that have their ATMs serviced by a commercial vendor receive an extra benefit of periodically having a uniformed and armed security person on the property. To make sure security-related lighting systems are in working order, they should be on photo-electric switches and properly maintained. However, as a word of caution, fake cameras, awareness stickers advising of the presence of cameras, or guards, or other security measures should not be used or announced unless they are actually in place and operational. To do otherwise might support a contention of a"false sense of security." http://kennish.com/securepremise/ 12/7/98 Secure Premises ra�c ui Middle Ring Continuing with the bank example, the same efforts should be repeated in immediate proximity of the ATM and night depository. This would include the exterior of the building, which is referred to as the middle ring of protection. Customer awareness signs should be posted and other customer safety education means implemented, such as placing ATM and night depository security and safety awareness literature in customer mailings. There also can be software-driven awareness reminder messages on the transaction screen while the ATM customers conduct their business. Lines of vision should remain open and not shielded by window drapes, marketing posters, tinted or mirrored windows, shades or large plants. Any indoor ATM location should include a minimum of one exterior glass wall. Reflective mirrors also can be positioned to allow customers a view of the surrounding area. Inner Ring The inner protective ring refers to security safeguards within the facility itself; and although not relevant to ATM and night depository customer attack situations, they are very relevant for apartment buildings, shopping malls, college dormitories, etcetera. These safeguards can include all of the previously mentioned items in varying combinations plus additional security measures in lobbies, entrances, hallways and stairwells, such as alarm and intercom systems; doors, locks and other hardware; integrity-proof key systems, see-through devices in doors, elevator and other access control and identification systems; glass wall barriers, etcetera. Conclusion There is a clear duty for property owners to provide a reasonable level of protection for invitees, and this especially when risk or inherent risk is anticipated. And while no one safeguard will build a total barrier against crime, reasonable efforts directed toward specific locations, environments, and risks, can be very effective in deterring criminal acts. And these security variables can be defined and measured against standards of duty, foreseeability, reasonableness, and, all too often, negligence. John W. Kennish, CPP - Security Consultant 62 East Pond Meadow Road, Westbrook, Connecticut 06498 (860) 399-8545 Kennish.corn E-Mail John Kennish © 1998 John W. Kennish, CPP Top of Page John Kennish Home Page http://kennish.com/securepremise/ 12/7/98 Street Smart Info rage 1 014 University of Cincinnati Police STREET SMARTS FOR BUSY PEOPLE It's a warm summer evening and you're walking home thinking about the great movie you just saw. You hear footsteps behind you and the street suddenly seems longer and darker. You tense, walk faster, but a hand grabs your shoulder and a voice demands you watch and wallet. You cashed your paycheck and decided to brave the noon crowds and shop for your son's birthday party. Your juggling two shopping bags and worrying about all the things you have to do before the party. You feel someone shove you in a crowded store, one of your bags slips, and in two seconds your purse is gone. The building is almost empty by the time you finish the report. You don't bother to call the Security officer to walk you to the parking lot even though it's getting dark. You're searching for your keys when a man with a knife grabs you and drags you into the car. COULD YOU PREVENT THESE CRIMES? You can do a great deal to reduce your risk of becoming a victim The most effective weapons against crime are: COMMON SENSE, ALERTNESS, AND A FEW BASIC PRECAUTIONS. ELEMENTARY STREET SENSE 1. Wherever you area, stay alert and tuned in to your surroundings. Don't daydream. 2. Communicate the message that you're calm, confident, and know where you're going. Stand tall, walk purposefully, and make quick eye contact with people around you. Ctick to well-lighted, busy streets. Stay on the part of the sidewalk that is farthest away from crubs, dark doorways, and alleys where people can hide. 4. If you walk at night consistently vary your routes. 5. Walk with a companion, whenever possible. 6. If you work late, arrange to leave with a co-worker or accompanied by a security officer. Make sure your car is parked as close to the entrance as possible or move it to a safe spot in the late afternoon when people are leaving. 7. Keep your car locked and check the back-seat and floor before getting in. 8. Don't overload yourself with packages and don't wear shoes or clothing that restrict your movements. httpJTazz.samuc.edu/www/pubsafety/police/STREETSM.IITM 12/7/98 CCD Crime Prevention Services Pagel of 3 Back to Home Page Public Safety Free Crime Prevention Services* The CCD offers crime prevention services in partnership with the Philadelphia Police Department. These services are designed to reduce crime and enhance the perception of safety for property owners, retailers, shoppers, business organizations, community groups, tourists and conventioneers. *These services are available FREE to companies and organizations within the Center City District. Crime Prevention On-site security surveys Services: Retail Crime Prevention Guide and Robbery Identification Tip Sheet Crime Prevention Seminars, Employee Training and Workshops Crime Analysis with Crime Mapping software Security Surveys The Center City District provides security surveys for retailers and property owners in the District FREE OF CHARGE. Our surveys are designed to help reduce losses due to burglary, robbery, shoplifting or internal theft and to help businesses maximize their profits. On-site security surveys include an analysis of the interior and exterior of each store or building as well http://www.centercityphUa.org/crimeprevent.htmi 12/7/98 CCD Crime Prevention Services rage u� 11 as an examination of . Lighting . Building Design . Store layout . Employee hiring and training . Security hardware and technology . Inventory displays . Money handling procedures . Other factors with potential for loss. The Center City District now offers FREE to District property owners and businesses a multi- colored illustrated "Retail Crime Prevention Guide" that helps retailers combat business crime. Retail Crime The guide provides an overview of crimes against Prevention business and includes guidelines on how to prevent Guide and/or respond to: . Burglary, Robbery, Shoplifting and Internal Theft . Fraud: Counterfeit credit cards, currency and bad checks . Selecting an Alarm Company . How to Report a Crime . What You can do to Fight Crime AV The Guide is part of a crime prevention kit that V - 4 also includes a two-part robbery identification form, a listing of workshop topics and seminars � that are available, information on the new $100 bill security features and CCD's Smart Tips and Services brochures. The guides are FREE within the District and are available at cost of$20.00 outside the District. Crime Seminars, employee training and workshops are Prevention provided at a time and location convenient to the Workshops and audience. Seminars At CCD's crime prevention seminars you can learn: . How to "case" your business with a professional burglar's eye . What robbers look for when "sizing up" a potential target . The most frequently stolen items and other shoplifting "tricks of the trade" . How and why employees rip-off their httpJ/www.centercityphila.org/crimeprevent.html 12/7/98 -Downtown businesses feel the district is getting safer-- Business First of 13u=o -- t"ts-u.. rage i of + z ►free book of lists Bus1nR%,QKV]rust Western New York's Business Newspaper May 25, 1998 Downtown businesses feel the district is getting safer Dale English When was the last time the nightly TV newscast's litany of mayhem and violence featured a vicious stabbing, mugging, rape, or drive-by shooting in the offices of downtown Buffalo? Those answering "I can't remember" are probably in the majority. People who earn their living in the downtown area likely already knew how safe the Central Business District really is and much how it has changed. If anything, the biggest concern now is crime against property-- what police call "car poppings" -- incidents of people breaking into vehicles to steal whatever may have been left inside. Cell phones and laptops are particularly inviting targets. "I think people are safe here, but I wonder about their property. You don't hear much about people being harmed but you do hear about larceny from cars-- cameras, computers, phones," said Mark Goldman, owner of the Calumet Arts Cafe. "It's almost become very peaceful down here. We never see any major problems.People have so many opportunities to have contact with the police now. It has definitely improved over the past two or three years," said Michael Militello of the Bijou Grille. "Downtown's biggest problem is the perception that it's not safe. It's important for people to realize how safe it is," added Michael Schmand, executive director of Buffalo Place httpJ/www.ameity.r-om/buffalo/stories/052598/focus4.html 12/7/98 Downtown businesses feel the district is getting safer-- 13usmess rirst oI Duuaiu -- lyyo-V.. 1 a6%, V•-* Inc. He and Buffalo Place's security chief, Ronald Coyle, pointed out that in the 26-block area of the Central Business District, there have been no reported rapes for three years, no assaults, and very few burglaries. There have been, however, some purse snatchings. That's despite the fact that a recent Buffalo Place survey showed that downtown draws about 6.5 million visitors annually. Not included in the survey were the approximately 60,000 daytime office and other workers, restaurant patrons and those visiting nocturnal fun spots. Larry Ramunno, chief of patrol for the Buffalo Police Department, said crime in the area is down an average of 20 percent -- and that's all crime, he noted. Ramunno points out that his figures are for the department's "B" District, which includes both downtown and areas of the lower West Side not part of the Central Business District. He and others credit the Downtown Buffalo Initiative started three years ago with improving the situation. Under the Initiative, police presence on the street was substantially increased and augmented with K-9 patrols, officers on bicycles and weekend patrol by the Erie County Sheriffs Department Mounted Division. A 10-member federal Americorps Ranger patrol and escort service was established to patrol such sensitive spots as parking ramps -- they're based in the Augspurger Ramp -- and to provide foot or van escorts to make sure late- working office employees reach their car or transit stop safely. Through Buffalo Place, a security committee has been formed by businesses, law offices, banks, hotels, theaters, government offices and others. It meets every other Tuesday to discuss matters of common concern. "We've also established a SecureNet radio system linking every office building in the Central Business District. Security people there can talk with the NFTA police or the Buffalo police," Schmand said, noting that there are about 150 private security personnel available to protect workers and businesses. httpJ/www.ameity.com/buffalo/stories/052598/focus4.html 12/7/98 Downtown businesses feel the district is getting safer--Business First of Butttalo -- 1998-0.. rage .s of 4 "SecureNet is monitored 24 hours a day by NFTA police and it's working," Schmand said. "Downtown, I see police officers all over the place, but there's always room for improvement," Ramunno said. "Right now, parking's the biggest problem in the Chippewa area." Ramunno stressed that a major goal is for police to start forging relationships with business people and downtown patrons. "We need to get out and meet the people...to get that trust back," he said. Police, instead of just riding around, get out and meet people. "They're there and looking in your windows. They'll come in and meet your manager and get to know his name," Militello said. "They get to know the street that way." Ramunno also noted that while crime rates in the area are lower, felony arrests in the district are up 9 percent, while misdemeanors are down 13 percent from last year. Those numbers could mean the increased police presence is making it easier for police to nail the serious criminals. In recent weeks one former bone of contention-- hordes of teen-agers thronging the Main Place Mall area at afternoon on school days -- appears to have eased, thanks to a ban on unchaperoned people under 18 congregating there between 2 and 4p.m. Shoppers and office workers frequently complained of jostling, foul language, and a feeling of intimidation from teens arriving by MetroRail and MetroBus from school. "Since the part-time restrictions took effect (in mid-March) there has been less crime in and around the mall," said Patrick Hotung, general manager of the Main Place Liberty Group, operator of Main Place Mall, its accompanying office tower and the adjacent Liberty Building. "There have been fewer incident reports of late, things are a lot more peaceful now," Hotung said. "The kids aren't coming downtown as they,used to. There are considerably http://www.amcity.com/buffalo/stories/052598/focus4.htnd 12/7/98 Downtown businesses feel the district is getting safer-- tsusmess gust or tsunwo -- yyo-v.. ra6t; Y Vl-t fewer riders on the train. My sense is that the kids are going home." According to Militello, the increased police presence, other security measures, and enhanced downtown street lighting have trade downtown safer, day and night. That includes the adage about there being safety in numbers. "Now, if you confront someone, the police are going to get you. There aren't that many dark comers anymore. There's safety in numbers and downtown is picking up," Militello said. "In our area, the police presence is good. Sometimes I think there are too many of them,"' said Goldman at the Calumet. "Downtown can always use more people -- that's the best deterrent to crime." Dale English is a Business First contributing writer. Week of May 25,1998 1I Focus:Workplace safety I Top of the page http://www.ameity.com/buffalo/stories/052598/focus4.html 12/7/98